Shiloh Essay -- essays research papers

Norma Jean Moffit is a simple, southern woman, but she is also a caterpillar who is discovering that there is more to life than crawling around on the ground. She has with-in her, the origin to grow wings and fly a focal point The opportunity to view the piece through the eyes of a butterfly. Since Larrys accident, she has come to realize that she has reached a crossroads in her life. If she goes straight on through, complacency and neglect are the only stops ahead. If she veers to either the left or right, there is mystery, knowledge, and change The opportunity for a crude life. It would appear with-in the story, she has opted for some change, and begins her adventure in experiencing new things such as "... cooking unusual foods - tacos, lasagna, Bombay chicken." She begins to work on her body, borrowing the idea from Leroys rehabilitation equipment, which would otherwise be collecting dust in a corner of the house somewhere. She begins to take writing classes to improv e her mind, which further represents her need for change and something new.She has, in a sense, taken on the masculine role in the household since Leroy has come home. She is the sole provider for the family, working behind the cosmetics counter at Rexalls. Her body make is indicative of the reversal in her role. When discussing the meaning on their fixs, Norma Jean tells Leroy that his name means the king. He asks her if he is still king and she "... flexes her biceps and feels them for hardness." thus showing him that he is not. Furthermore, she drives the nail home by telling him the meaning of her name. "Norma comes from the Normans. They were invaders." She has invaded, and taken over, his position as the head of the household. At the end of the story "She turns towards Leroy and waves her arms .... she seems to be doing an exercise for her thorax muscles." I guess that she was showing Leroy that she is strong enough, or has found the strength to lea ve him and forge a new path in life. Furthermore, I believe that she was implying that she was never going to find the strength to carry the two of them through this relationship when she stated, early in the story, "Feel this arm. Its not as hard as the other one." Norma Jean is a woman who had accepted her marriage for what it was, until her husband came home. It was than that she r... ...o work at Rexalls, but attends classes during the evening. Eventually, she graduates with a degree in Journalism and moves from Kentucky to capital of Georgia to take a job working for one of the local papers. She now writes editorials and helps others by answering letters in her advice column under the assumed name Norma King.After a divorce that he openly opposed, Leroy sinks into a deeply depressed state. Drugs and alcohol become a constant in his life, and was to Leroy, the only way he could find to escape the harsh reality of his demise. After several failed jobs and one arrest for public intoxication he attempts to commit suicide by driving his car into a concrete abutment. His unsuccessful attempt places him into a rehabilitation center where he is counseled and eventually cured of his afflictions. During his stay in rehab, his reflections on the past forced him to open his eyes and it left a lasting impression on him. He is once again ready to face the world and feels as though he has finally started his life over."Shiloh"byBobbie AnnMasonAs interpreted by Mike Bladesvar yvContents=/toto?s=76000015& deoxyadenosine monophosphatel=NE&b=1&t=940563698yfEA()-->

Robertson Davies :: Biography Biographies Essays

Robertson DaviesWith a vision that reflects the experiences of Canadians, Robertson Davies achieved international renown as one of Canadas initiative men of letters. Born in Thamesville, Ontario, on August 28, 1813, Robertson Davies was the youngest of three sons of newspaper newspaper publisher and Liberal senator William Rupert Davies and his wife, Florence Sheppard McKay Davies. With parents who were field of battle enthusiasts, Robertson Davies was drawn to the theatre early in his vivification and acted in school plays. At the age of five, Davies family moved to the small town of Renfrew in the Ottawa Valley when he was twelve, Davies moved to the city of Kingston, where his father possess the local newspaper, the Whig-Standard. From 1928 to 1932, Robertson Davies attended Torontos Upper Canada College the Colborne College of his novels Fifth Business, The Manticore, and Whats Bred in the Bone. Truly, these Ontarian towns shaped the geographical heart of Davies fictional wo rks. At the Upper Canada College, young Davies was immersed in school dramatics and was the editor of the school paper.Admitted to Queens University in Kingston as a special student because he was hopeless in mathematics, Robertson Davies excelled at the university from 1932 to 1935. He was active in the gaming Guild at Queens and continued to be involved in the student theatre at Balliol College in Oxford. Here, he received his B.Litt. in 1938 for a thesis he published the following year, entitled Shakespeares Boy Actors. Upon graduation, Davies joined the prestigious Old Vic Theatre Company in London, where he married its stage manager, his life-long wife Brenda. In 1940, Robertson Davies and his wife returned to Canada, where Davies became literary editor of Saturday Live, then a hebdomadary review of politics, finance, and the arts. The first of his three daughters was born that December. In 1942, Davies became editor of the Peterborough Examiner another of his fathers papers and he was to hold this post for the attached twenty years. Davies became an increasingly popular columnist, Samuel Marchbanks, whose witty comments and humorous accounts of small-town American and Canadian life would later be published in three volumes between 1947 and 1967.From 1955 to 1965, Davies was the publisher of Examiner. By this time, he had already written eighteen books, numerous plays, and produced many articles for various journals. His first play, Eros at Breakfast won the 1948 Dominion Drama Festival Award for best Canadian play.

Lost Characters in Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises :: Hemingway Sun Also Rises Essays

The Lost Characters in The Sun similarly Rises In the novel The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway, the lost generation is discussed. After the WWI, many were affected in different ways. This post-war generation is described by discrimination, lack of religion, escapism and inability to act. The origin character that is introduced into the novel is Cohn. He, as an outsider, is Jewish. Throughout the novel he is looked down upon in one way or another, but already he is unconnected from the rest which is shown when he is being described He had a hard, Jewish, stubborn banding (p 18). This quote already shows that he is Jewish, and therefore different from the rest. Also, the fact that his streak is hard and ...stubborn shows that he is hard to deal with or be around. Even thought he is discriminated against, he is one of the very few that inform these tribe of the lost generation exactly how worthless they are when he says to Jake You know whats the stir up with you? Youre an expatriate. One of the worst type... Nobody that always left-hand(a) their own country ever wrote anything worth printing. Not even in the newspapers (p 120) and Hello, you bums (p50). He literally rubs into Jakes face what kind of a waste he has become once he left his country. It is rather surprising that the one who is much disliked and discriminated against sees the worthless characteristics of the others. The significance of the word bums used must be noticed since a bum is an tick over worthless person by definition. This very well describes the lost generation. Nevertheless, racism isnt the only separation that the people make. Even the concierge, who one would think would not be too proud, takes great pride in telling me which of my guests were well brought up, which were of good family, who were sportsmen, a French word pronounced with the accent on the men. The only trouble was that people who did not fall into any of those three categories were v ery liable to be told there was no one home, chez Barnes (p 60). This shows how important wealth and back cast anchor is, but the ones who are part of the lost generation are not included into any of those simply because their background is forgotten, and they are all worthless people.

Early American Literature Essay examples -- essays papers

Early American Literature(1620-1820)In the first half of the 17th century the New World found two groups of large number colonizing. The first group, the puritans, had left England after years of exile due to their lack of faith in the church building of England. With the reading and understanding of the Bible almost altogether laid in the hands of the preacher, the congregation was forced to believe all the words that the preacher said. This all came to an end with John Calvin. His ideas were that God likes certain good deal better than others and those chosen ones would get more land and more money. This idea took off with the Puritans as they seeked phantasmal freedom, a chance to start new churches and purge of the Church of England. As life moved on in the New World for the Puritans they seemed overwhelmed with the fact that they were the chosen ones and proceeded to act out life and every conniption of it for God and God only. The other group was far more ope n minded. The Enlightenment that swept the world impacted these people greatly and caused them to question the acts of the Puritans. Puritan life in the New World seemed only to consist of Church and all daily life outside the Church was to be done in the name of the Lord. There are countless quotes throughout the text of Gods will in reaction to everything from the death of a child to the lack of food or water. If excellence abide below, How excellent is He that dwells on high,. With this quote one can see the presence that God has in the life of a Puritan. They believed that everything that we on the Earth was Gods will. If a tree fell on their house killing all insid... ...and through eduction answered those questions forming a foundation for their beliefs. Upon that we see umteen different branches of the many different religions that make up the country today. With this reasoning present people seemed to build off the Puritan ideas and make these churches. In the event that the Puritans were the only religious colony to settle in America then what happened in England would most definitly happen here. The Puritan Church would be roughly the same as the Church of England and those that didnt believe in it would have to move elsewhere seeking religious freedom, the cycle would repeat itself. Thus, both groups of settlers complimented each other and made the foundation of modernistic American religion. Although those that did this may not be able to see it today, they found their religious freedom.

John Paul Stevens: Biography :: essays research papers

John capital of Minnesota Stevens BiographyJohn Paul Stevens, the 101st Justice to serve on the supreme judicature ofthe United States, and the first appointed by President Gerald R. Ford. JohnPaul Stevens became a member of the high court in December of 1975. Stevens, a eye aged man, with a reputation as a sharp-minded, hardworking lawyer, andfirst rate judge was given the highest evaluation from the American BarAssociation delegacy that examined his record. A superb judicial craftsmanand a Judges judge, are two of the praises that Stevens has received from theUnited States Court of Appeals.Stevens was voted into the supreme court with a vote of 98-0. In thattime, Stevens was considered by the press, to be a moderate or moderateconservative in his legal thinking, and would take sides with other justicesPowell, Stewart, and White.John Paul was born on Apr. 20, 1920. Stevens, the youngest out of 4 sons,Stevens was also considered to be the smartest of the 4 . At the age of six, his brother Ernest Stevens noted to a New York Post reporter, I guess we alwaysknew he was going to make something of himself. He was always awfullysmart....When John was six, he could play better bridge then just about adults todayStevens attended the University of Chicago High School, and then laterwent to the University its self. In 1941, he left the University with a PhiBetta Kappa key, and a B.A. degree. He joined the navy, after the U.S enteredWorld fight 2. Stevens was stationed in Washington D.C, as a intelligence officeron the staff of admiral Chester W. Nimitz. He worked with a group assigned tobreak Nipponese codes. for doing this, he was awarded the Bronze Star. afterwards hereturned to Chicago, (at the end of the war) he enrolled himself intoNorthwestern University School of Law to earn his J.D. degree, where hegraduated first in his class. non long after that, he was admitted into theOrder of the Coif and the Phi Delta Phi law society.From 1947 to 48, Stevens spent th e year as a clerk to supreme courtjustice Wiley Rutledge. After that, he joined his first law firm, Poppenhausen,Johnston, Thompson & Raymond. A Chicago based firm, that he was inducted to asan Associate.This was in 1948. With expert guidance from a Senior in the firm,

Undoing Stereotypes in the Movie, Dances With Wolves Essay examples --

Undoing Stereotypes in the Movie, Dances With Wolves Hollywood has helped create and perpetuate legion(predicate) different stereotypical images of the different races in the world. Those stereotypes still continue to affect the way we think about each separate today and many of those stereotypes rent been proven to be historically inaccurate. The movie Dances With Wolves, directed by actor Kevin Costner, does an excellent job in attempting to promote a greater acceptance, understanding, and sympathy towards native Australian American finis, instead of supporting the typical stereotype of Native Americans being nothing but brutal, blood thirsty savages. The film Dances With Wolves focuses mainly on whizz man named Jon Dunbar and his growing relationship with the Lakota Sioux Indian sept. The Lakota Sioux Indian tribe migrated in the 1700s to different areas in South Dakota. For over one hundred and sixty years, the Lakota tribe held a massive piece of land in the plains to sup port their numerous herds of bison, which they also hunted in order to survive. They lived in the typical teepees and were exceptional horsemen, hunters, and warriors. They culture contained no written language and their heritage was trusted upon storytellers and drawings made on the bison hides. One bison hide could represent over fifty years of Lakota history. The film, Dances With Wolves, was very vigorously written in my opinion. For most of the introduction, before John Dunbar begins to get friendly with the Sioux Indians, you are given an emotional expression of hatred and dislike towards the Native American Indians as they are slowly introduced into the script. There were a few scenes of brutality and savagery that triggered these emotions. For example, there was a... ...ed along with many soldiers of the U.S. 7th cavalry at injure Knee, South Dakota, on December 29, 1890. As the years went on, many of the Indian tribes began to die away due to the lack of food, and the har sh winter conditions. I intrust that Dances With Wolves did an excellent job of undoing the stereotypes that have been given to the Indians. Through this movie we realize that they did what they had to do in order to survive and provide for their family. They did what any other person would have done if they were put into the same situations. This movie did help us to understand, accept, and sympathize with the Indians. I hope that we as a people very learn to observe a culture or a race before they actually start to criticize or stamp stereotypes on them. whole shebang Citedwww.cabrillo.com.cc.ca.us www.wsws.org/arts/1998/jun1998/afi-j18.shtml

Undoing Stereotypes in the Movie, Dances With Wolves Essay examples --

Undoing Stereotypes in the Movie, Dances With Wolves Hollywood has helped create and perpetuate many unlike stereotypical images of the different races in the world. Those stereotypes still continue to affect the bureau we think about each other today and many of those stereotypes have been proven to be historically inaccurate. The movie Dances With Wolves, directed by actor Kevin Costner, does an refined job in attempting to promote a greater acceptance, understanding, and sympathy towards Native American culture, instead of supporting the typical stereotype of Native Americans being vigor but brutal, blood thirsty savages. The film Dances With Wolves focuses mainly on one man named Jon Dunbar and his growing relationship with the Lakota Sioux Indian tribe. The Lakota Sioux Indian tribe migrated in the 1700s to different aras in South Dakota. For over one hundred and sixty years, the Lakota tribe held a massive piece of land in the plains to support their numerous herds of bison , which they likewise hunted in order to survive. They lived in the typical teepees and were exceptional horsemen, hunters, and warriors. They culture contained no written language and their heritage was trusted upon storytellers and drawings made on the bison hides. peerless bison hide could represent over fifty years of Lakota history. The film, Dances With Wolves, was very cleverly written in my opinion. For most of the introduction, in the beginning John Dunbar begins to get friendly with the Sioux Indians, you are given an emotional expression of hatred and dislike towards the Native American Indians as they are slowly introduced into the script. There were a few scenes of brutality and brutality that triggered these emotions. For example, there was a... ...ed along with many sol runrs of the U.S. 7th cavalry at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on December 29, 1890. As the years went on, many of the Indian tribes began to die away due to the lack of food, and the harsh winter co nditions. I believe that Dances With Wolves did an excellent job of undoing the stereotypes that have been given to the Indians. Through this movie we find out that they did what they had to do in order to survive and provide for their family. They did what any other person would have done if they were put into the same situations. This movie did help us to understand, accept, and sympathize with the Indians. I hope that we as a people truly learn to observe a culture or a race before they actually start to criticize or stamp stereotypes on them. Works Citedwww.cabrillo.com.cc.ca.us www.wsws.org/arts/1998/jun1998/afi-j18.shtml

Domestic Violence and Social Class Essay

Domestic wildness is something that happens every day around the world. Young, old, rich or poor, this is an issue that we must look at to better ourselves as a country. One of the things that we look at is how home(prenominal) personnel relates to the diametrical fond clubes of the country, this being upper, middle, and press down. Some would thing that it would be more common in impose consortes, but the reality of it is domesticated violence is a problem across all hearty classes. In this paper I pull up stakes discuss unlike words about domestic violence and its relation to social class.It is clear to see that any of the articles on this topic focus around women as victims and men catch put into a category of the only one and only(a)s committing violence. From different articles you can see that social class has a relation and an effect on domestic violence. To possess with we need to understand what domestic violence is. The National Domestic Violence Hotline describes domestic violence as pattern of behavior in any kindred that is used to bump off or maintain motive and control over an intimate conk outner.Abuse is physical, sexual, emotional, frugal or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence early(a) person. This includes any behaviors that frighten, intimidate, terrorize, manipulate, hurt, humiliate, blame, injure or wound someone. Domestic violence can happen to anyone of any race, age, sexual orientation, religion or gender. It can happen to couples who ar married, living together or who ar dating. Domestic violence affects people of all socio economical backgrounds and education levels (The National Domestic Hotline). This is one of the best definitions you will find.Its important to realize that Domestic Violence can happen to anyone. The focus on economic background is important there is not one ocial class that domestic violence does not occur in. It is key that we keep this in mind, otherwise we begi n to label and fit certain social groups into categories. And as we will find out this is not the case at all. In Gender, Status, and Domestic Violence, by Kristin L. Anderson she discusses many issues related to domestic violence. In her article she talks about social economic status and how it can affect domestic violence.The section on social class begins with how gender and social class dawdle very tremendous roles with each other, or how each social class helps determine the resources available to men for the construction f masculinity (Anderson, 1995). Anderson begins with the working and natural depressioner class and how their position they hold at work lacks situation and authority. This can lead to violence in the home because they search for positions of government agency in other aspects of their life. And many times the search for power and masculinity starts in their home life. This could be one explanation for the cause of domestic violence among belittled inco me social class.It is very clear that society even thought changing for the better over the years, still puts the man as the breadwinner of his family. And if a man annot produce for their family I agree with her that that will look for other places to find there masculinity and in some cases this is accomplished with violence against their partner. Next Anderson discusses middle and upper class together. She states with reference from another article that Middle and upper class notions of masculinity focus on ambition, responsibility, and professional employment (Segal, society.The research done in this article shows that men or women with low income jobs and less resources ar more likely to be violent in their home as a means to gain the lack of power in their life. Men who extradite fewer resources then there female partners will be more likely to commit domestic assault than the men with resources equal or greater than their female partners (Anderson, 1995). We can see for the research done by Anderson that she focuses on the reporting of violence. I would have like to have seen some numbers on education and or employment in ration to domestic violence.But it is clear and can be understood that men base their masculinity on their economic social status, and if that status is low they begin to search for other ways to gain power, and often that is in the means of domestic iolence against their partners. Social class plays a key role in everyday life of millions around the world. So it is clear that social class would play a role in domestic violence. Knowing that domestic violence knows no boundaries it is correct to say that wealth does not hold dear against violence.In the article Economic stress and Domestic Violence by Claire M. Renzetti from the National Online Resource Center on Violence against Women, they bring social class and domestic violence into clear view. One discussion in the article which we have to take into account when looking at soc ial class and domestic violence is ell put when she stats the data we have about domestic violence comes from samples to which researchers have greatest access, such as individuals who use social services and these individuals are more likely to have low incomes (Renzetti, 2009).With this in mind it is clear to see why there are so many articles on low income violence. As she states from a study done by Benson and Fox (2003) from analyzing data from the National Survey of Household and Families, the family income increases the likelihood of domestic violence decrease. It is becoming clearer hat even though we know that domestic violence knows no social class, The National Crime Victimization Survey reports the chance of violence in a low income household is five times great then the households with the highest incomes (Renzetti, 2009).As stated earlier it seems that the relation to domestic violence and employment takes a big part of the problem with violence among the social classe s. In the article by Anderson early discuss she makes it clear that the feeling of power is directly related to the males economic standing. Renzetti state that sever studies have documented hey deliberate sabotage to their partners efforts to maintain paid employment (2009). We can attract that back to how males base their masculinity and power on their economic status. Women have reported that their attempts to obtain paid employment outside their homes only aggravated their partners.It is becoming clear that men see power in being the main provider in the house and to lose some of that power is demining in some ways, and can result in violence against their partners. She references an article by Bush (2003) say that paid employment if a female intimate partner is threatening for some men, especially men who are unemployed r in low paying Jobs. Renzitti states that some researchers have argued that social class has a greater influence on domestic violence risk than race/ethnicity , and that even the social class of your neighborhood plays into account.Disadvantaged neighborhoods domestic violence rates are significantly higher in neighborhoods By now it is clear that there is a relation between social class and domestic violence. In domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking by Walby & Allen (2004) they discuss how it could be the domestic violence that is causing the low economical status. This is a little broader thinking then our other authors but still Walby & Allen tie mans need for masculinity and power into the equation.But first to look how they discuss domestic violence as the cause for low social status, the lack of economic resources is clearly associated with domestic violence against women. But it is how we see one leading to the other that they discuss. Walby & Allen purpose that maybe it is the other way around. For example that poverty and low social status are the consequences of domestic violence. Women who leave behind their homes and partners in order to escape violence will be much more ikely to be poorer as a consequence of the loss of their home and of their partners income (Walby &Allen, 2004).This is a new concept to think about but can slow be seen as possible. From what we have learned low income family are more prone to domestic violence, it is clear to see if the victim does get out of this family they have no means of economic support. In return this Just keeps them in poverty and most likely sinks them deeper down the status pool of the world. As Walby & Allen (2004) report that eventually making their way back into the abusive elationship because they have no economic support. It seems that the affect that social class and domestic violence have on each other is a never ending cycle. As we found in the research social class plays a big part in domestic violence and in some cases domestic violence plays a big part in social class. Whichever way that you look at it one constant held true across all o f the articles, this being that men have been socially constructed by society to have to have the need for power in relationships. And when that power is lacking and they feel there masculinity is in eopardy we see domestic violence.Now a lot of the focus of the articles was on the rase class, showing that the economic stress had a direct relation to man and the need for power. We need to understand that the lower social status groups are not the only ones with a domestic violence problem. Like I said earlier domestic violence can happen across any social class, rich or poor. Most of the research that is done focuses on women in poverty because that is where the easy samples are. We know that there is a problem there, we need to crusade on to research that examines women ofa higher social standing.When we open up to who is we look at then we will begin to get a real adhesive friction on the social class and domestic violence issue. Now I know that that depends on if they are will ing to report, but that is a whole different topic for a different day. We have to be careful not to stereotype individuals into this field Just because of the economic standing, but it is clear that social class and domestic violence show a clear and direct relation with each other.

Popularity of Short Message Service (Sms) Usage & Its Effect on Written Language Deterioration

conversation technology is changing our way of life. Language is no exception. Some language researchers argue that written language is deteriorating due to the add-on usage of electronic dialogue. The present study investigated 50 mobile anticipate dors selected randomly development small Messaging Service (SMS) as one of their day by day communication tools with the purpose to find out whether SMS language will cause written language deterioration in Malaysia. SMS language is defined as using abbreviations, freshly created words, code-switching, code-mixing and emoticons in the messages.The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents agree that SMS language causes written language deterioration. This could be because messages are full of spoken-like spelling, unconventional use of punctuation and abbreviations, and ungrammatical reprobate in order to conform to the conditions of electronic communication to reduce space, time and effort. Although the language c hange due to the advancements in electronic communication technology is inevitable, we commence to bear in mind that the negative impact on the written language has to do with the technology users not the technology itself. IntroductionWhat is communication? Communication is a process of transferring information whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver using a channel (Wikipedia). In recent years, mobile phone has been viewed as an important communication tool and has become an integral part of the Malaysian society. Nowadays, it is very jet to see Malaysians chatting or texting on their mobile phones in the streets, in the shopping malls, while waiting for public transportations to the point that the mobile phone has become an indispensable item to some people especially the younger generation.The mobile phone first appeared in Malaysia in 1998 and was mainly used by professionals. It was bulky, expensive, and built wit h rudimentary features such as voice call. Today, mobile phones are equipped with other hi-tech features that allow faster communication and entertainment such as Short Message Service (SMS), MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3) player, games, internet and videos. These additional features attracted people from all walks of life including the younger generation, and consequently led to the increase in the chassis of mobile phone users in Malaysia.According to the survey conducted by the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), there were 24,253,000 mobile phone subscribers in Malaysia at end March 2008. It was also reported that as many as 50. 7% mobile phone users send out an average of five (5) SMSes a day. Compared to 2004 which recorded a percentage of 31. 7%, the number of mobile phone users sending out an average of five (5) SMSes per day has increased by 19% (Hand Phone Users Survey, 2008).The factors which have contributed to the popularity of SMS usage could be due to its widespread usage, mobility, low cost and convenience. For example, sending a message via text to a family or booster rocket across the country or even living abroad, would be cheaper than the cost of roaming and long distance phone charges. SMS is extensively used not only for communication purposes, but also as a major marketing tool due to its low cost. Besides that, it is also very convenient for mobile phone users.A message can be easily and quickly transmitted just by pressing a few buttons instead of the conventional method acting of waiting for the telephone call to be put through or waiting to leave a voice message after a long and annoying answering machine message. Due to character limitations and restrictions in a SMS message, it is a common practice for SMS users to maximize the contents of the messages sent by using abbreviations, newly created words, code-switching, code-mixing and emoticons in their SMS messages.How has this increasingly popular practice aff ect our written language then? As most Malaysians are multi-lingual, will the widespread use of SMS cause language deterioration? This research aims to investigate and analyze the relationship between SMS usage and whether it causes language deterioration in Malaysia by using abbreviations, newly created words, code-switching, code-mixing and emoticons in the messages.

Answering The Call: Inspiration For Teachers

Where does the inspiration to teach well come from? How and why do we teachers keep going at a conviction in Ontario when we are so often depicted as public enemy number one? What is the motivation when funding for kids is considered such low priority, and interrogatory them such a high one? The answer is quite simple. We know we make a difference. We know we are called to make a difference. Sure, the academics are important, only if in the years after the children leave our classrooms, they won t remember the Cs or the Bs. What theyll remember is whether they snarl loved in our classroom, whether they felt safe, and whether they felt God.Teacher Cadet EssayAnd that can make all the difference in the world. In 1986, I was 22 years old, immortal, and out to discover the world. I had exactly completed the first off year of a two-year volunteer contract to teach mathematics in Africa. I was posted to an impoverished boarding civilize in Malawi, a sliver of a country in central Af rica, with another Canadian teacher for a roommate. Unlike my roommate Janet, I was a novice teacher, still feeling my way through lessons, spending long hot nights planning and grading, while I listened to distant drums and nearby crickets.My job was fulfilling despite the overcrowded classrooms and 1920s British textbooks and by the end of the first year I was beginning to realize that job satisfaction was dependant on a flowerpot more than my student s academic successes. Besides the new experiences in my community, the opportunities to travel were fantastic. It was near the end of one particular trip that I knowing how important one teacher s influence can be. On this occasion Janet and I had been visiting the fabled Victoria Falls that Livingstone had so loved.We had been happy enough to hook up at the end of our trip with some young American missionaries who were driving their new pick-up truck spinal column from South Africa to their Malawian mission. They were in a hurr y to induce back as one of their number had just come down with malaria, and they were eager to exact as outsize a family as possible. I was worried about accepting a lift in a fomite with South African endorse plates. This was, after all, still the apartheid years, and Zambia had been bombed by the South African air force less than six months before our trip. I was afraid that the soldiers that manned the many roadblocks on our route might not. give us the chance to explain that none of us were actually from South Africa before they reacted. But there were going to be risks whether we accepted the lift or rode along the twisting pot-holed road in one the Zambian buses whose undercarriage was held together by chicken wire.Janet and I had already stubborn that avoiding adventure was neither possible nor always desirable. N evertheless I tensed every time we came to one of the many military roadblocks that lined our route. At first all went well at the various stops. In the heat of an African afternoon, the soldiers were happy to do no more than a quick check of our apers and vehicle before retiring to the shade. We were actually beginning to enjoy the breathtaking views of the distant mountains, and close to the road, the sight of brilliant scarlet-leaved trees announcing a rainy season soon to come. Janet and I sat in the back of the pick-up for the entire journey and the breeze kept us cool as we covered our heads in the local cloth, or chitenge to counteract sunstroke. It wasnt until we approached the last roadblock that the aggression I business organisationed began to seem a reality. Right away we could tell things would be different.Even before we had completely halt at the gate, a row of soldiers had risen and were facing us, rifles very much in evidence. As soon as we had braked completely, an officer walked angrily to the driver s side and ordered the three Americans out. Other soldiers gathered around, rifles in hand. Janet and I were frozen in the back unsure of what we should do. The Americans tried to explain that one of their company was too sick to stand, only when the soldiers had no time for what they took to be excuses. The missionaries were pulled stumbling from the cab. Sitting in the back I could feel the adrenaline rushing as I recalled every orror story I had heard about travelers in Africa. The s plane Germans who had disappeared on the Bulawayo-Victoria Falls road. The Canadian mother who had been strip-searched along with her two daughters by Zambian soldiers. I did not of course at this time remember that the anger Africans feel against foreigners is justified by decades of aggression and rule by outsiders. All I felt was panic as the yelling went on at the front, as one of the missionaries began to cry, as the soldiers voices became angrier, and as we waited, and waited, interminably in the back of that truck.One of the soldiers ultimately came around to Janet and me. We had taken out our passports a nd were nervously waiting. He demanded that we hand them over, then, as his gaze fell on their deep blue covers, his whole face changed. Canada? You re from Canada? he asked excitedly. We hardly knew what to answer. Do you know Father Leclerc? he went on. He taught me French in high school. He was such a good teacher. Is he a White Father? I asked tentatively, trying to control the shaking in my voice. Yes he is answered our guard, delighted. Do you speak French? I told him I did, and, in what I was beginning to feel was some kind of wilight zone we exchanged a few words in French.. 3 Suddenly our attention was called back to the front of the truck. The sick missionary had begun to collapse and one of his friends put out a hand to steady him. We heard the slap of rifles going up and the yells of fear even before we turned and saw the panicked faces of the Americans. For a moment the tableau of missionaries and soldiers stood frozen in the shimmering heat. I felt the ball of a vocif erate stuck in my throat, but before I lost the struggle to control it, our new friend called out sharply to the other soldiers.I couldn t translate much of what he said but two words stood out again and again. Canada. And punzitzi, the word for teacher. After a moment the rifles slowly went down, and one of the soldiers gestured to the Americans to get back in the truck. They climbed slowly back into the cab as Janet and I held our breath. It didn t seem possible that we would get away so easily. But we did. When moments after we were headed on our way, and we had all finished a long shaky prayer of gratitude I remember wondering, as I still do today, if I could ever have the same effect on my students as that unknown teaching Father obviously had on his.That s what teaching is all about. Hoping that somewhere, somehow the children you have taught will grow up to make moral decisions in situations and places you can t even envision. We were lucky that that priest was Canadian like us. But even more, we were blessed that he was good at his vocation. Wherever he is, I thank him not just for that one brief moment in Zambia, but for the inspiration he has given me ever since.

The Shoe-Horn Sonata

(INTRO) John Mistos drama The Shoe-Horn Sonata depicts the journey of two women captured by the Japanese during World War ll. The play reveals the unresolved problems of their kindred after cubic decimeter years. The reunion of Bridie and Sheila and their problems argon dramatized and resolved through Mistos use of dramatic techniques. He effectively creates images of tension, hardship, hope and endurance, friendship and forgiveness to emphasise the relationship between the two women. DOUBLE-HANDER) Misto effectively uses the double-hander technique to dramatize Bridie and Sheilas relationship. This technique refers to having two characters on stage, this helps the audience focus on the stories of Bridie and Sheila only. This technique is beef up in the title of the play. The double hander highlights the many contrasts between Bridie and Sheila. Bridie is projected as more confident and assertive, in contrast to Sheila who is presented as more shy and reserved. (TENSION) The ope ning of the drama begins introducing one of the two characters, Bridie.She stands under a spotlight re-enacting the Kow Tow bow in center of the stage then claps her hands seriously, immediately revealing the strong assertive nature of her character. Dramatizing the atmosphere, Misto then uses a bright light juxtaposed with its dark surroundings reinforcing the image of strength. The second mount shifts to the motel room where the audience is introduced to the second character, Sheila. Their different approach to life clearly shows as Sheila is more cautious than Bridie, questioning about the interview she is about to give.Sheilas values are formed by the English values of her ime and her religious background was Protestant. Her mother was clearly the more significant parent as Sheila was influenced by her mother to wear gloves in public, feeling superior to Orientals and Colonials and keeping up appearances. The reunion of Bridie and Sheila reveals unresolved problems as an image of tension. As Bridie slaps Sheila in crook One, crack Eight Bridie quotes Youre alive today because of me. And dont you ever forget it.Though Bridie may believe that she was the one who had saved Sheilas life when they were at the camp, Sheila cannot stand it any longer she pulls out the shoe-horn from her bedside bureau and throws it onto the hotel bed in front of Bridie. Before Sheilas informs Bridie about how she had gotten the quinine tablets We hear the sound of crickets, distant first, gradually getting louder as the ikon continues. The broadcasting of the junle crickets creates tension as the sound gets louder which reflects Sheilas inner turmoil and emotional fear. Although Sheila firmly asked Bridie to answer her question Bridie faces away from Sheila.Both of them are isolated in spotlights. This creates tension between the two as the lighting of the spotlight are concentrated on the two and in that moment a voice- over of young Sheila is played to emphasize the despe ration of how Sheila didnt want to lose Bridie. In Act One, Scene five Rick asks, Did the Japs ever try to obligate advantage of you? Ricks question have them arguing about the women who slept with the soldeiers as Sheila supported them saying, they had no choice, As some had starving children as Bridie strongly opposes, To sleep with a Jap? How could you ever live with yourself? due to Ricks question tension grew and gave the audience a hint that in that location is something that may of happened in the past. (BRUTALITY&HARDSHIP) Creating an image of brutality and hardship, Misto dramatizes the problems between the two characters. During the day Misto highlights the horrifying scenes of when the women of the camp were brutally punished. Images of two women POWs projected onto the screen in Act One, Scene Six were described as, Stick and bone dressed in rags, Bridie was one of these women and this is the time she had seen the soldier she got married to.The technique effectively c onveys the womens survival as the audience is made to confront the suffering the women endured. This technique effectively highlights the physical and psychological abuse women had endured throughout their imprisonment. Hardship and brutality are likewise evident in Act Two, Scene nine the following quote is said by Sheila The Japs introduced a new rule at Belalau- No work, no food. So if you were sick and couldnt get up, you were left to starve to death due to this rule Bridie became too sick to even eat and Sheila knew that she needed to be treated immediately.Another scene where brutality and hardship is evident is in Act One, Scene four where the audience listen to the voiceover of delineate Larry yelling followed by the slimed thumps of young Bridie being punched and hit after finding the pin she had planted in his loincloth. Bridies snes of humor and courage are evident in this scene as is Sheilas admiration for and devotion to her friend at the time. The audiences are made aware of the brutality of the womens experiences as the soundtrack to carry the sound of Lipstick Larry beating Bridie. (MUSIC) One of Mistos ost powerful techniques is euphony he uses this to highlight the image of hope and survival as Bridie and Sheila deal with their unresolved problems. Bridie recites, And I took Sheilas hand-and I squeezed so hard. Were going to live, I said to her. I dont care how or what it takes, we are going to survive this war. And when its over, you and I will go dancing. We will. I know we will. This tells us of how moved Bridie was as she had just heard the Japanese band play The Blue Danube. This suggests that Bridie alleviate held hope hope that they will be okay, that they will survive and that they will make it through the camp together.In act one scene three a voice over of young Sheila is played Bring me my boy of burning gold /bring me arrows of desire. This is quoted by young Sheila as she is floating in the sea, almost drowning. She sings J erusalem which is an uplifting hymn about the greatness of England which is quite ironic as the English are being bombed by the Japanese. The use of music in the play powerfully creates an image of hope and survival as Bridie and Sheilas relationship is dealt with. (FRIENDSHIP & Misto is able to create images of friendship and forgiveness to help promulgate the audience that Sheila and Bridie have resolved their difficulties.In Act Two, scene thirteen Bridie quoted She went tothe japs to a Japanese guard and she sold herself to him for tablets. And she gave herself to himso that I couldhave quinine. This reflects on the fifty years of not seeing one another because of the conflict that had risen after the World War ll. In the last scene Sheila hands over the Shoe-Horn to Bridie Im sorry Ikept it so long. Go on take it this is said by Sheila as she holds out the shoe-horn, it symbolizes forgiveness and a stronger bond in their friendship. In the last scene Bridie and Sheila dance T he Blue Danube, a promise Bridie made to Sheila during the war.The fast and vibrant sequence of the song excessively reinforces their reconciliation. Although it took a while for Bridie to accept what Sheila has done for her they both ended up appreciating what has happened to them and acknowledging that it only made them stronger this is evident in Act Two, Scene Thirteen, Id go to the Japs. Again if I had to and I wouldnt think twice-cause Bridies my friend and thats all there is to it Misto used the womens situation to portray his ideas and the fact you can move on with your life until your past is resolved. This is a dramatic theme that relates to everyone just as Mistos one does.

Dead Poets Society: Film Techniques Essay

Keating believed in educating the boys to be free thinkers. How did this teaching of his doctrine have a positive and/or negative impact on the boys? How has tool Weir apply film techniques to reflect this positive and/or negative impact?Through go forth the duration of the film, Dead Poets Society directed by Peter Weir, a consequence of film techniques are expressed to reflect the positive but also the negative impacts of Mr John Keatings unorthodox and bizarre teaching methods towards his students. The film is crash at the conservative and traditional Welton Academy in Vermont, United States in 1959 as it follows the story of the newly appointed English teacher, Mr John Keating. He is conveyed as an inspirational and influential mentor to his students about independent views and living life to its fullest through his teaching of poetry. Weir uses film techniques to manifest these positive impacts of Keatings teaching philosophy to be free thinkers on Neil Perry, a student who deals with much pressure from his father to pursue his dream of acting, and Todd Anderson, who is portrayed as a very humble, egotism conscious and shy flake.Keatings style of teaching however, led to the negative impact of Charlie Dalton, who is a popular but also a rebellious font in the film. Due to Mr Keatings philosophy in teaching, Neils engagement in acting and poetry expanded significantly eventually leading to his death.Weir has apply Neil Perry as the protagonist to convey a numerous amount of film techniques to display Keatings belief in educating the boys to be free thinkers. Near the offset printing of the film, Neil is extractn to have a great amount of pressure applied on him by his fathers high standards so that he graduates from Welton to become a doctor. We expect big things from you this year.Dont worry, he wont disappoint.This is said by Mr Nolan, the school headmaster, followed by Neils father, Mr Perry, and demonstrates the compression put upon Neil to s ucceed. This prospect shows a number of close up bungs and high angles of Neil to show his apprehension and sense of vulnerability to the audience. From Keatings first few lessons about poetry and its immenseness in life, Neil and the other students are inspired to defecate the Dead Poets Society. This group is created from the motivation of Keatings beliefs about poetry and expressing your feelings in a positive scene. enormous shots and eerie music are used when the boys are running through the woods to their first meeting in a small and concluded cave.This is to create a rebellious atmosphere, as it is a key theme in the film from Keatings motives. When the students arrive at the cave, Neil is portrayed as the leader of the group, which shows his self-assured and friendly characteristics where he reads most of the poetry. This is demonstrated by the use of close up angles and low angles looking up at Neil to emphasise what he is say and his occasion over the other student s. Soon after the students first meeting, Keating shows the boys to look at life in a different perspective by standing on his desk. This helps Neil understand to have his own decisions in life and be a free thinker. Look at it another path.Keating says this in order for the students to have independent views in life. Low angles looking up at the students when they are on the desk are used to show the power and potential they have. Due to Mr Perrys harsh rules and ideas on him, it caused Neils death because of his love for poetry and acting became too great for him where he was allowed to partake in them. This ultimately suggests that Keatings teaching methods had a negative influence on him. Essentially, these film techniques are shown to indicate Keatings views about poetry and expressing ones thoughts in a positive outlook, and influencing Neil even though it did lead to his death.Throughout the film, Todd Andersons personality and character changes significantly as a result of Keatings ways in teaching poetry and expressing ones feelings through Weirs film techniques. Much like Neil, Todd is immediately put under pressure from Mr Nolan when arriving at his new school on welcome day when the headmaster states, You have big shoes to fill, Mr Anderson. A close up angle is shown directly at Todd in order to show his lack of confidence after his brothers success at Welton. This underlies the traits developed by Todd during the majority of film to showhis characterisation as a very self-conscious and uncertain person. This uncertainty as a person is evident when he states, If I say something, people wont listen. Moreover, this reiterate outlines the personal difficulty and feelings Todd is experiencing because of the pressure from his new friends and school.Todds character changes however, where Keatings philosophy in teaching has a very positive outlook on him. A very important turning point in Todds character because of this teaching occurs when Keating stro ngly encourages him to read a made up meter on the spot to the class about a given picture. A 360o tracking shot and fast intense music is used by Weir to show confusion to the audience of what is happening. The music and spinning of the camera becomes faster to increase the tension generated by Todds newly created poetry encouraged strongly Keating. From this, it is lucid that Todds character differs as he realises the concept of expressing ones thoughts from Keating about poetry due to the film techniques shown by Weir.Weir portrays Charlie Dalton as a very rebellious character through film techniques and the negative influence of Keatings teaching methods on him. This is apparent in Keatings first lesson of teaching poetry, where he advises the students to rip out the introduction to poetry section in their textbooks. As the students are confused and uneasy about this task, Charlie rips the page out immediately, with a close up angle of him to demonstrate his daring character. Keatings teaching methods however, cause Charlie to get expelled from Welton. Sucking the marrow out of life doesnt mean choking on the bone. Keating says this allegory in order to show how being free thinkers does not mean pulling foolish stunts, which have consequences. Within this scene, Keating states, Theres a duration for daring and a time for caution and a wise man knows which is called for. He expresses this to outline the importance of knowing when to be unruly and when to remain in the rules. Weir uses dull lighting within the room to show the despondent and depressed. From evidence, Keatings philosophy in teaching is shown to lead to the negative impacts on Charlie where he is expelled.The director, Peter Weir, has used many techniques throughout the film toshow Keatings beliefs for his students to have independent views and live life to its fullest by being their sole mentor and inspiration. Keating caused Neil to throw up to his identity to discover a love for acting and create the Dead Poets Society by being the leader in a way. Todds character during the film changed dramatically from self-conscious to confident in his own ability due to Keatings theories about life where he discovered a talent in poetry. Although, apart from the positives, Charlies characteristics cause him get expelled because of his daring and rebellious character. Weir has explored these characters to convey their views from Keating and the film techniques of Weir help demonstrate this.

Buddhism And Education

This paper, Buddhism and Education, reviews the story, victimisation, and problems in trainingal activity of todays world and aims to establish the importance of Buddhism in the context of up take. Books, periodicals, and online publications were the main references used for the development of this paper. This dissertation is divided into eight variances 1) Survey of History and Definition of Education Concept- this section recaps the mile scars in the course of human development throughout history and incorporates the education background in each significant point in history.2) The Problem of Education in the World- this section identifies the general problems in the education systems all all over the world 3) Differences in the Policies and Systems of Education- this section reviews dissimilar education systems by country and by religion 4) Western Understanding on Buddhist Education- this section cites the diverse views from the West on Buddhist teachings 5) Buddhist Pers pective on Different Areas- this section cites the Buddhist principles on different atomic number 18as much(prenominal) as business, government, science, and another(prenominal)s6) Buddhist Education- this section contains the core of Buddhas teachings that serve as the foundation of education in Buddhism 7) Future Direction of Buddhism and Education in the World- this section involves discussion on the coming(prenominal) perspectives on the course of Buddhist Education 8) Conclusion- this section reviews the paper and asserts the importance and superiority of Buddhist education INTRODUCTION Buddhism is a world religion originating from India and was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, later called Buddha.It is said that through careful meditation, he had achieved Nirvana, the perfect state of enlightenment and granting immunity from the endless cycle of death and rebirth. He circle his teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path so that others may in addition on a personal basis attain Nirvana and freedom from the sufferings of this world. The new religion spread across Asia from India to China, Japan and southeast Asia. Today, it is widespread in Thailand, China, Japan, Taiwan and other places across the globe. Un cognize to many in the West, Buddhism is both a religion and an educational system.Buddhism is organized in such a musical mode that followers are encouraged to realize their own potential and flummox knowledge in accordance with the Noble Eightfold Path in the pursuit of the wisdom of Nirvana. The potential of the Buddhist educational system as an pick or supplement to traditional educational methods remains virtually untapped and unexplored. This paper aims to explore this potential and explain Buddhism as an educational system. CHAPTER ONE retrospect OF HISTORY AND DEFINITION OF EDUCATION CONCEPT I. 1 History of Developmental Progress of Man The history of man spans millennia in the making.Mankind has gone a desire wa y from source walking ancestors to the men today capable of things our ancestors could only dream of. This overview covers the four traditional eras of the history of human life on public and will delve into its development from its humble beginnings to what it is today. Education is a social construct, artificially made and developed by society for its own purposes. Therefore, the history of education is inevitably interwoven with the history of man and society. Society determines education. Thus, the history of society influenced the history of education.Prehistory Prehistory covers the period of human life to begin with the start of the semi-formal history with the beginning of writing. Because of the lack of historical written records, primary sources for this period is heavily reliant on archaeological findings such as tools, crafts, skeletons and other objects. It covers the old age from the first walking humans to the start of writing around 3000 BC. The beginning of bip edal movement was before the Stone Age. There were dickens types of hominids that evolved into separate two separate genuses the Homo and the Australopithecus.We can trace our ancestry from Homo habilis, through Homo rudolfensis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis to who we are now, Homo sapiens. 1 1. Perry, M, 1988, A history of the world, Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 25. Stone Age This period of human development is distinguished by the utilization of stone as the primary raw material for tools and other implements. Although the term may still be used for certain tribes existing today that have no capability for metalwork technology, it is broadly accepted that it began nigh 2.5 million years ago and ended in some areas of the world around 5,000 years ago. (from Encarta) It is in this period that humanity spread from the savannas of East Africa to the quietus of the world. Covered in this age is the most(prenominal) recent ice age that lasted from 1. 8 million to 11,500 y ears ago with glacial and warm interglacial stages known as the Pleistocene Epoch. It was during this time that human evolution progress undergoing continuous biological and chemical changes both externally and ingrainedly.It ends with the development of agriculture, domestication and smelting of copper ore. 2 palaeolithic period Also known as the nonagenarian Stone Age, it was in this period that humans first learned to use stones to make primitive tools for different uses. Their main source of food was hunting and foraging and they used these tools to allow for more efficient food collection. They were predominantly nomadic and had no permanent residences. They lived as clans of 25 to 40 members. Men hunted in packs while the women were left to care for the children. Mesolithic periodThis period, overly known as Epipaleolithic, is characterized by more not bad(p) tool-making techniques applied by the early humans. Instead of crude and roughly cut stone tools, the instruments the humans in this period used were more refined and had shapes such as crescents, 2. Perry, M. 25. triangles, rectangles, trapezoids and rhomboids that are later attached to pieces of wood or antler for spears. Pottery also began to develop at this time. This period covers the gradual change in the way of life of humans from nomadic hunting-foraging to settled farming-husbandry.3 Neolithic period This final period of the Stone Age saw the most refined tools made from stone and other indigenous materials such as bones, ivory from tusks and others. Permanent settlements began to develop along river banks because agriculture had began to develop. Crafts and pottery became more prevalent as well as cloth-making from hides of animals. Husbandry also became more common. The domestication of both plants and animals led to social changes during this period. The concept of wealth began to develop because of surpluses of food that could be stored.This caused social differentiation that was before unheard of in a society with everyone contri scarceing to the clans hunting and foraging operations. The settling of these early humans necessitated the construction of houses and other buildings needful for farming and husbandry. Catal Hayuk, a late Neolithic village in Asia minor, was a farming community whose people grew wheat and barley and domesticated sheep and cattle. A commence of the village also engaged in hunting. Their people had skilled artisans that could work with wool and linen in weaving clothes.Traders brought alabaster and marble in transfigure for obsidian, a glass like volcanic rock. It was used for making jewelry, mirrors and knives. 3. Perry, M. 25. Before the invention of writing, people inhabited environments that required them to struggle with natural forces, animals and men for survival. It was authorized to develop the necessary survival skills for humans to flourish. These skills became the cultural and educational patterns of the early human s. For the perpetuation of culture, it must be passed on from adult to child.The earliest education processes include information sharing on food gathering and shelter, tool and weapon making, language learning and acquiring values, ethics and religious rites. The lessons gained through informal education disposed(p) by parents, elders and priests eventually were used to establish a moral code that influenced social behavior. Oral tradition became the vehicle by which culture was ancestral from generation to generation before the invention of writing. 4 The two other ages of the three-age system of prehistory are the Bronze and Iron ages.The Bronze Age is characterized by the use of bronze as the dominant material for tools and other implements. Similarly, the Iron Age is distinguished by the utilization of iron in the tools, weapons and equipment of a given society. These developments in tool making allowed for developments in other aspects of their way of life such as agricultur e, crafts, religion and education. However for the purposes of this historical overview, it is more beneficial to not delve into Bronze Age and Iron Age societies since they emerged in different times in different situations.Furthermore, most of these societies developed their own writing systems thus ushering the start of history. 4. Perry, M. 25. Ancient history This period of history covers the beginning of writing around 3300 BC to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Because of the ample span of this period and the simultaneous emergence of some civilizations, it is more proper to divide the discussion based on the region where a civilization started. South West Asia South West Asia or Near East in the Europe-centric system is theorized as one of the earliest birthplaces of civilization.It is the breeding ground of some(prenominal) empires that dominated the ancient world for centuries at a time. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia, sometimes referred to as the fertile cresc ent, is bounded by the two great rivers Euphrates and Tigris. It is the birthplace of many diverse peoples and civilizations. Sumerians (3000 BC 1800 BC) In the area now part of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, one group of people of a language different from any other known at the time, started to settle in huge cities that were ruled by monarch and began to write.They were known as the Sumerians and around 3000 BC, they had constructed several city-states in southern Mesopotamia such as Ur, Lagash and Eridu. These cities grew to considerable coat and Sumerian culture flourished. However, scarcity of water and constant war among rival factions in the region limited this growth. This growth also changed from internal expansion to the conquest and annexation of smaller city-states. The Sumerians, at one point, fought with another people, the Akkadians that came from the Arabian Peninsula. They were Semitic, with a language related to that of the Hebrews and the Arabs.The Akkadian Kingdom b ased in Akkad (later Babylon) conquered most of the Sumerian city-states. However, eventually the Akkadians adopted Sumerian culture, including religion, writing, government organize, literature and law. Because of this, Sumerians once again regained control of the region and in 2125, Ur rose up against the Akkadians finally bringing the Akkadian domination of southern Mesopotamia to an end. However, by 1800 BC, the Sumerians were finally swallowed and overwhelmed by more migrations of the Semitic people.The government structure adopted by the Sumerian city-states is a kind of miraculous monarchy. Priest-kings acted as absolute rulers of the whole city and authority was justified not simply by kinship or responsibility but by inspired selection and that the king himself was divine and worthy of praise. However, bureaucracy was also present in Sumerian city-states. They had considerable influence on surveying and distributing lands and crops. This government structure was supporte d by writing of records on stone tablets. Early Sumerian writing is pictographic.However, as their culture flourished, the picture words were replaced by short-hand symbols known as the cuneiform. The complex agricultural system adopted by the Sumerians consisted of careful planning and record-keeping. As Sumerian culture go on to flourish, scientific and mathematical development allowed for several innovations to support their agricultural production and distribution system. Calendars were developed to aid in determining the harvest and planting seasons and astronomy was a field so vastly studied by the Sumerians.They invented the zodiac to measure yearly time. Abstract mathematics began to develop for the calculations necessary in the agricultural system. With regards to religion, the gods of the Sumerians were known to be powerful and anthropomorphic. They controlled natural forces and also had human emotions and spiritual weaknesses. Perhaps the most important legacy of the Su merian civilization is their invention of the law. These specific tenets written and recorded are used to sever conflicts objectively between parities.It is administered by the centralized figure of authority (the priest-king) and allows for retribution that is sponsored by the state against a perpetrator. The laws set by the Sumerian people were also adopted by several civilizations also in the Mesopotamian region such as the Babylonians (as written in the Code of Hammurabi). Akkadians (2340 2125 BC) This Semitic people that lived on the Arabian peninsula during the flourishing of the Sumerian city-states later migrated northward and became increasingly hostile to the city-states.In 2340 BC, Sargon led the Akkadians to victory in Sumer and built an empire dominating the city-states and stretching to Lebanon. His detonating device was named Akkad. However, in 2125, Ur rose up against Akkad and brought the short-lived Akkadian empire to its abrupt end. 5 Amorites (1800-1530 BC) Al so known as the Old Babylonians, this Semitic people came to Mesopotamia in 1900 BC by and by the fall of the Sumerian empire and stabilized the region that had been in conflict and 5. Perry, M. 25. chaos for close to a century.The Amorites also centralized the government of the city-states in their detonator city, Babylon, built on the foundations of Akkad. The monarchy that ruled the Amorites enjoyed more influence compared to their Sumerian predecessors. So the monarchs were viewed as gods and of divine origin. The state and its resources were managed through new tools like taxation and involuntary military serviced. The immense centralization was unprecedented. The Code of Hammurabi written around 1792-1750 BC is the most well known code of law adopted by the Old Babylonians.This is generally regarded as having been based on Sumerian laws. Hittites (1600-717 BC) This Indo-European people invaded the dominant Amorite empire in Mesopotamia and adopted their laws, religion, and literature allowing the continuation of the Sumerian culture. The whirligig of their power was from 1600-1200 BC. Their reign ended in 717 BC when the Assyrians conquered all Hittite cities. Though they are regarded by their contemporary Egyptian empire as barbarians, they are one of the most significant peoples to have settled in Mesopotamia.The breadth of the empire allowed for thriving of internal commerce and trading among the civilizations of the Mediterranean allowing Mesopotamian culture to spread across the ancient world. Although they adopted the code used by the Amorites, their penalties were more practical and merciful. Another difference with the preceding civilizations is that their religion system accepted the genuineness of all gods, including those worshipped by those they conquered. Assyrians (1170-612 BC) This Semitic people once lived in the northern parts of Mesopotamia. They had long harbored dreams of an empire.Their first attempt under Shamshi-Adad was crush ed by the Amorites. They were even brought to near-extinction during the invasion of the Hurrians. Fortunately, the Hittites who conquered these invaders did not annex Assyrian cities thus allowing this people to prepare for the conquest of Mesopotamia. Tuklti-Ninurta in began this push for conquest by trying to force Babylon to pay to his wishes. This was followed by Tiglat-Pileser who pass alonged the empire to cover Syria and Armenia. Ashurnazirpal II and Shalmeneser III in 883 and 824 conquered the entire region of Syria, Palestine, Armenia, Babylon and Mesopotamia.The Assyrians also destroyed Babylon and built a new capital in Nineveh. However, in fear of the Babylonian god, Marduk, they rebuilt the city. In order to prevent nationalist revolutions against their rule, they adopted the policy of forcing the conquered to emigrate from their homeland. This not only secured the empire but also homogenized the diverse cultures of Mesopotamia. The last strong monarch of Assyria, As hurbanipal began the effort to collect tablets of all Mesopotamian literature in a great library in Nineveh. However, after his death, the empire began to decline with pressure from the Babylonians and the Medes.The Assyrian state was basically created with war, invasion and conquest as tools. The upper classes were the military commanders who benefited most from the spoils of war. The Assyrian armys size was unprecedented. With their number and the technology of their weapons made of iron, they were almost unrivaled in battle. Despite the thirst for battle and conquest, science and mathematics also flourished in the reign of the Assyrians. They were the first to divide the circle into 360 degrees and to use longitude and latitude in geographical navigation.They also had very developed medical science that influenced even the Greeks of Classical Antiquity. Chaldeans (612-539 BC) The inhabitants of Babylon (the Chaldean or the Neo-Babylonians) finally rebelled against Nineveh and des troyed it under the leadership of Nabopolassar thus ushering the end of the Assyrian empire. His son, Nebuchadnezzar II extended his fathers empire to Phoenicia and Judah and prevented the major powers of the ancient world, Egypt and Syria, from entering Mesopotamia. The Babylonians move to adopt the policy of emigration started by the Assyrians.It was in this period that the Jews were exiled to Babylon. Babylon was rebuilt to its greatest splendor and was one of the most magnificent cities of the ancient world. However, this new empire was also short-lived as after five monarchs, city-states once loyal to Assyria rebelled under the leadership of Nabonidus and conquered Babylon. After the Neo-Babylonians, the door was finally opened for civilizations of the north and the west to extend their empire into Mesopotamia. 6 Persia The great Persian empires that dominated the ancient world for centuries began at the area of what is now Iran.The history of this civilization spans centurie s and shaped the history of the 6. Perry, M. 27. ancient world. Achaemenids Empire (550-330 BC) The earliest record of the Persians was that of the Assyrians. They were once under the Medes that were in turn vassals to the Assyrians. When the Medes created their own empire, the Persians were still their subjects. The first Persian empire known as the Achaemenids was founded by Achaemenes in 700 BC. His son, Teispes, organized the nomadic Persians of southern Iran into an organized and centralized state that had a new language, Persian (Indo-Iranian in origin).Cyrus II the Great rallied the entire Persian kingdom against the Median Empire, freeing itself from its former conquerors. The new Shah continued the struggle until he had conquered the entire Median empire. He later conquered Lydia in Asia Minor and continued his conquest in Central Asia. In 539 BC, Cyrus victoriously dominated Babylon. Being a benevolent conqueror, he issued the first known charter of human rights in history . His descendants continued the expansion of his empire to Egypt, the Indus River valley and Thrace. They also pushed to Greece but were defeated in 479 BC.

Preventing Childhood Obesity as a Parent

In to twenty-four hourss society, infanthood fleshiness is considered a serious public wellness step forward and sewer be classified as an epidemic. In the United States alone, one in seven sisterren ages 6-17 atomic number 18 considered to be corpulent. In the last 40 years in the United States the rate of childhood obesity has tripled. The master(prenominal) reason why childhood obesity has become such a serious issue is because children in a flash old age live more(prenominal) sedentary lifestyles. Children now days argon bombarded with television advertisements urging them to take nutritions mettlesome in adipose tissue and calories while staying inside and playing video games or watching television. childhood obesity does non only affect children in childhood just tin cause a list of health issues in their self-aggrandizing lives also. When it comes to education regarding childhood obesity, the responsibility needs to be turn to by the pargonnts, schools and the media. In the following paper, I am going to explain how childhood obesity female genital organ be controlled at home by the p atomic number 18nts. Everything can be learned at home and utilize to everyday life. I am going to give a brief overview of what the paradoxs associated with childhood obesity are and what are the main contributing doers.I will show also show the long marches effects of the issue and how it can also be addressed by the parents. Childhood obesity is be the United States millions of dollars I health care expenses. In my aspect, I feel that this can be turn by simple education from the parents. According to the article Facts about Childhood Obesity and Over-weightiness, obese children are statisti foreknowy not active and consume diets that are advanced in fat. Most physicians use what they call a Body Mass Index Scale (BMI) to calculate how overweight a child is. Children who are over a 30 when it omes to BMI are considered obese. In order to calc ulate a person including a childs BMI, you would begin to divide their weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters (Mokdad,). When it comes to weight gain among children, you have to factor in more things such poor dietary habits, catching makeup, family lifestyle, socioeconomic status and a childs ethnimetropolis. Obesity is more prevalent among Hispanic, African-American and American Indian children, in particular girls (Mayohealth. org). When it comes to children who suffer from obesity most are not overeaters.The main cause of their weight gain is that the mass of the foods they consume contain high amounts of calories. When it comes to consuming excess calories, just an additional 200 calories a day can cause excess weight gain in children and add up to half a pound of fat a week. Although foods high in calories are partially to blame, soft drinks and fruit flavored beverages with high levels of sugar content also are a main cause of weight gain in children . In a recent study, it shows the average teenager in the United States now consumes an average of 65 gallons of sugary soft drinks annually.The number is doubled in elementary school age children and the number in general has tripled in the past two decades. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, diet is not the only factor contributing to the problem. Many physicians and child psychologist also blame the increase television viewing and a childs more sedentary lifestyle. When it comes to watching television it does not require a large using up of energy and is usually accompanied by high-calorie foods. The American intent Association reports that on average, a child watches a total of 17 hours of television a week.This report does not include the time pass playing both video and computer games. In one study per figed by the American Heart Association, they found that a child who watches more than five hours of television a day have a greater risk of weight gain than c hildren who watched less than two. (Mayohealth. org) Along with sedentary lifestyles, the addition of exuberant food can lead to obesity in children. As you drive in any town and city located in the United States, the one thing you will notice is that there is a fast food drawing string on almost every corner.Along with a fast food chain on every street corner, children watch television that are filled with commercial and advertisement showing their newest food selections. Many of these commercials have been geared toward children and can be associated with the rise of childhood obesity. In a recent study, researchers have found out that families that choose fast food as a repast three or more times a week do run a higher(prenominal) risk of obesity and larger BMIs. When it comes to all fast food chains, the one thing they all have in common is that every kids meal comes with a choice of a boys or girls toy.The other thing they have in common is the absence of unexampled fruits, vegetables and whole grain. The absence of these water-loving choices can make the effects of the burgers and fries that much more severe. In order to solve the problem of fast food, parents can balance a burger with regular exercise. With this combination, you can balance fast food with respectable choices. In a 1996 U. S. Surgeon Generals Report regarding fitness, nearly half of young battalion ages 12 to 21 years of age are not psychically active.The American College of Sports Medicine reports that, due to financial con strivingts, only one-third of schools now offer somatic education classes and many a(prenominal) children today finds group sports too competitive or costly to join. (Mayohealth. org) Physical education and organized sports not only stomach children with an active lifestyle, but it also teaches them discipline. Although it is significant for schools to provide young children with sports and physical education, the main responsibility lies at home with th e parents.The effects of childhood obesity does not just end when the child grows into an adult but can cause further health issues in the future. Childhood obesity has been linked to hypertension, cardiovascular unhealthiness and diabetes. Being extremely overweight and not active as child causes the buildup of excess fat which circulates the occupation and eventually turns into plaque. The plaque caused by this excess fat begins to slowly accumulate in arteries which causes a strain on the veins. The accumulation of this plaque can occur early in childhood and could lead to boldness disease or a eart attack as an adult. The distribution of fat in the body has an historic effect on ones blood pressure.Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated. Young overweight adults between the ages 20-45 are six times more likely to have hypertension then normal weight peers the same age. This number is increased if an adult grew up as an obese child. An accumulation of fat results in the release of fatty acids into veins which causes an excess of liverwort synthesis of triglycerides, insulin ohmic resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The daybook of the American Medical Association Volume. 282) Along with heart disease, diabetes is another health issue associated with early childhood obesity. Obesity increases the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes and causes two different forms of the disease. One form of diabetes is the increased demand for insulin the other form is the resistance of insulin in an obese individual. Obesity causes a resistance to insulin that increases the insulin production to compensate the excess of glucose circulating in the blood.This excess causes damage to beta cells in the pancreas, producing insulin. (The Journal of the American Medical Association Volume. 282) Along with physical and health issues, psychological issues are also associated with childhood obesity. In todays society a lot of emphasis has been placed on physical appearance. This is made evident in the media which portrays what they consider the ideal image of a person. These images make overweight wad feel unattractive and unwanted. Many people in todays society assume that obese people are lazy, fat, gluttonous and unattractive.It is because of these prejudices that cause children to feel rejected, shame and depression. Like health issues, psychological issues can also be carried over from childhood to adulthood. When it came to the treatment of childhood obesity, many thought it could be achieved by dint of strict dieting and exercise. This was found to be unsuccessful in most cases due to the fact children did not have the support in order to accomplish this goal. A new treatment involving a family-based commence is now being introduced as possible treatment for childhood obesity.These programs are more successful because they defend or slowly help a child lose weight as he/she grows (Mel lin). These programs focus on on the entire family, promoting physical and emotional well being and not diet. In order to practise this type of treatment, medical professionals have to first do a bio-psychosocial assessment to see if there are any medical or psychosocial problems. (Mellin) Once this is established, they can then address the symptoms of obesity and the causes of the weight gain. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, it is important to involve the entire family in treating this problem.Children need motivation and support from their family prior to the troth of dieting or exercise. With a strong support structure, it allows children to feel they can accomplish anything. In my opinion childhood obesity is a serious problem because it affects all areas of todays society. Childhood obesity affects a persons health, psychological well-being, the medical field and the family. I feel that in todays society they many consider exercise, dieting and medication a quick fix in solving the problem.I feel that the problem of childhood obesity can be resolved at home with proper education and support. All health problems in children that can be prevented starts with the parents prior to the link of anyone else. As a parent of an overweight child, the first thing you must do is set come-at-able goals. The most important thing is you have to learn how to walk before you can run. The benefits of setting attainable goals are that when an overweight child accomplishes the goals you have set it provides them with the motivation to accomplish more.If you set the goal to high and the child does not accomplish them, it makes them discouraged and will make it harder for them to achieve more. I feel along with support and motivation, an overweight child needs proper education regarding proper diet. I feel that many parents today feed their children what they want because they feel it is making them happy. What parents have to understand is just because it makes them happy doesnt mean it is favorable for them. When feeding children full meals, a healthy diet containing less than 30% fat calories is considered sufficient in raising healthy child. Moran) Parents should also only offer snacks when the child is hungry. The most important rule when offering a child a snack is to make the snack healthy. Parents should offer their children fresh fruit, raw vegetables and water rather than sugary soft drinks. I feel that now days many parents use food as a reward rather than for nutritional purposes. In my opinion children should be praised verbally and not given snacks like dogs when they do something well. Verbal praise I feel work well especially when a child makes a healthy choice options.Another way a parent could help children maintain a healthy body weight is to encourage the child to inscribe in sports for at least a half an hour a day (Levine). Parents should encourage children to be active and go outside to play. Parents shoul d also participate and encourage their children to play organized sports. When parents are complex in their childs active lifestyle, children tend to see it all the way through. Parents should also contrast children watching television and playing video games. Television and video should be used as a reward rather than a parenting tool.When it comes to childhood obesity and many other childhood diseases, parents now days are more anxious to throw medication at it or go for the quick fix. In my opinion, before a child can even talk they learn from everything you teach them as a parent. The issue of childhood obesity is never going to go away but it can be curved with a simple lifestyle change. All the learning starts at home and all habits whether good or bad starts at home too. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, parents have to learn that they are the strike to their child living a healthy lifestyle and growing into healthy adults.

Absorbent Mind – Short Essay

The term Absorbent fountainhead was developed during Dr. Montessoris seven-year internment in India. During this time period Montessori was able to work with older babyren. This make out helped her to recognize the unique aspects of the 0-6 childs absorbent mind. The absorbent mind is categorized into two levels. The beginning(a) level is that of unconscious learning, the period from ages 0-3. The child at this stage is learning through absorption of the environment, as well as through their innate instinctual nature.The second level of the Absorbent Mind is called the conscious level, which occurs among 3-6. At this time the child becomes physically active in her environment, exploring and pursuing activities with a desire for learning. some other key component to Dr. Montessoris discovery of the Absorbent Mind was that of the childs notional nature. To beg off the Childs self construction, Montessori concluded, he essential possess within him, before birth, a pattern for h is psychic unfolding. She referred to this indwelling psychic entity of the child as a spiritual embryo.Associated essay Montessori Practical Life EssayIn show for the creative nature of the psychic embryo to develop the childs horme, or biological needs, must be protected during the unconscious stage. This atmosphere of nurturing will allow the childs innate creative nature or psychic embryo to develop to his full potentialities. During the two levels of the Absorbent mind the child is able to absorb all things present in her environment. The child will acquire the cultural norms and wrangle of the culture. Montessori used two analogies to describe this period of development, the sponge and the camera.The childs mind is like that of a sponge, absorbing everything in the environment. In the camera analogy, we think of the 0-3 child having taken pictures during the unconscious stage of development. afterward the O-6 child will be able to develop these pictures or experiences and apply them to their direct learning. The role of effort for the 0-6 child is critical. As the child begins to move in the environment he experiences the surrounding objects. This experience of figurehead will enable the child to transition from the unconscious to the conscious learner.Dr. Montessori studied more different children, from many various cultures and through her observation she recognized that all these children were undergoing the same developmental process of the absorbent mind. Dr. Montessori went on to emphasize that the power of the Absorbent Mind is universal to all children. In order for the educator to charge the development of the child, she must create a prepared environment. This environment will allow for the childs free exploration and most importantly the activity of the hands.

Advertising AIDA Model

AIDA Model ATTENTION A = PAN-TASTIC OFFER FREE PIZZA fill I = Hot Online 1 =RM 22 = Hot Online 2 = RM 29 = Hot Take-Away 1 = RM 19 = Hot Take-Away 2 = RM 26. 90 = Add RM 3 to upgrade to Supremes Pan pizza pie pie DESIRE D = The image of delicious pizza ACTION A = PIZZA HUT ONLINE ORDERING- www. pizzahut. com. my- = halal Logo = Valid until 15 December 2011 ADVERTISER In Wichita, brothers Frank and Dan Carney opened the bulgegrowth pizza pie army hut restaurant on June 15, 1958. They had been approached by the owner of a small building who wanted a nice neighbourhood business, and had read the Posts member easy-nigh pizza.The Carneys borrowed $600 from their mother, located John Bender, an airman from McConnell Air perpetrate Base who had passed as a pizza cook, purchased some secondhand equipment and were ready for business. The first night, they gave away pizza to interest potential customers. M all people ask how pizza sea chantey got its name. When the Carneys were set ting up that first restaurant, the building has a sign with room for just nine characters. They wanted to wont pizza in the name, which left room for a word with only three characters. A family member suggested the uilding looked like a hut. and pizza hutch was born. 1959 pizza Hut is inembodiedd and the first franchise unit opens in Topeka, Kansas. 1965 Putt-Putt to pizza Hut musical jingle is developed for pizza pie Huts first television commercial. 1967 A pizza pie Hut restaurant was built in five days by franchisees at the Oklahoma convey Fair. Worlds largest pizza (six feet in diameter) is baked and served at the grand opening of the Fort Worth, Texas pizza pie Hut. 1968 International market place entered with the opening of the first Pizza Hut in Surrey, B. C. , Canada.Pizza Hut serves a billion people a week at its 310 locations. 1977 Super Supreme is introduced. Pizza Hut opens its 3,000th unit in Arlington, Texas. 1980 Pan Pizza is introduced throughout the system. 1983 Per word of honoral Pan Pizza, with a five-minute guarantee, is introduced. Pizza Hut serves one and a half million pounds of pasta annually. Pizza Hut employs 10,000 teenagers from 16 to 19 years of age. 1984 BOOK IT National reading bonus program is launched with 200,00 elementary students enrolled. 1988 Hand Tossed Traditional Pizza is introduced.Pizza Hut celebrates its 30th anniversary with a totality of more than 6,000 restaurants and delivery units worldwide. 1990 Pizza Hut delivers more than 1,349,000 pizzas on Superbowl Sunday, about 7,000 pies per minute. 1995 Pizza Hut launches the Youll have sex The Stuff Were Made Of campaign. Buffalo Wings soar onto the menu. Pizzeria Stuffed Crust Pizza is introduced which immediately sets beau monde sales records. 1998 Surrey Place Pizza Hut celebrates its 30th year of business ADVERTISING AGENCY Pizza Hut Hands Digital, Social Media to MartinE-commerce Business Goes to Huge Yum Brands Pizza Hut has handed digital merchandis e and social media to its lead agency, Interpublic Group of Cos. Martin Agency. Sibling agency Huge has been tapped to handle Pizza Huts e-commerce business. Both moves occurred without a review. Digital merchandise was previously handled by Dallas- etymond indie agency IMC. The move to hand digital marketing and social media to Martin was made to help fully integrate our digital and evokeising initiatives, gibe to a Pizza Hut spokesman.Huge, meanwhile, go forth be responsible for the pizza chains online parliamentary procedure site as swell as setting overall e-commerce strategy. IMCs swan song for Pizza Hut were the recently released iPad and Android apps, as well as an updated iPhone app. Pizza Hut in 2009 launched the pizza categorys first iPhone app, which has since been downloaded nearly 3 million sentences. The Pizza Hut spokesman said that Huge will simply fine-tune the online ordering computer program, rather than revamp it. Pizza Hut in recent years has prioritize d online ordering, as have rivals soda Johns and Dominos, making for a change race to digital dominance.All three chains in the past have said that they hope to do about half of their business online. In April 2010 Pizza Hut had unveiled a simpler online ordering platform customers bottomland now order a pizza in two clicks built by IMC and QuickOrder, Chicago. Papa Johns was the first of the three big chains to offer online ordering, though Pizza Hut built industry-first ordering platforms for not only the iPhone but alike Facebook, and Dominos made waves with its Pizza Tracker. Pizza Hut chief vender Kurt Kane last yearpinned a sales turnaround on $10 pizzas and two-click ordering.Indeed, its 2010 U. S. same-store sales were up about 8%, although that growth was tempered by the chains first-quarter 2011 earnings U. S. same-store sales were down 3%. Pizza Hut in 2010 spent $217. 4 million on measured media spending, up 9. 7% from the prior year, according to Kantar. MEDIA Th e Marketing Communications Mix To ensure that our means manages to reach as much of the order auditory modality as realizable we have chosen to use the following dialogue approach. This approach uses a combining of publicize using two media forms, the internet and television.In accordance with the advertising, sales packagings and public relations will be carried out to hopefully guarantee the success of the campaign. Television The creation of television provided a youthful hazard for widespread readyive advertising. When viewing advertizings the public assesses what the advert conveys and how it conveys this message. This causes the public to evaluate grammatical constructions such as presentation, germinal appeal as well as of course the message. Therefore due to impact that this powerful audio-visual slit can have on the sense of hearing, it is imperative that much consideration is given to the impression that is portrayed.One major well-being of television advert ising is that it has a very high aim of penetration. Statistics have shown that in the United terra firma on average the public watches television for 28 hours per person per week (Nationmaster, 2009). This therefore provides a lucrative possibility for umteen corporations. Due to the audio-visual possibilities that television advertising provides it gives the advertisers an opportunity to utilize the creative potential and fully portray the message desired which consequently helps the marque to achieve its aspired goals.For the television advertisement, a brand such as Pizza Hut should produce adverts that are creative and entertaining but in like manner ensures that the core message is intelligibly communicated. The advertisement must be appealing to keep the attention of the audience to hopefully limit the take that surrounding noise and distractions may have. There is a tendency of many another(prenominal) consumers to directly link the credibility of a brand with the c redibility of the medium, and television advertising is perceived as a highly likely source to most audiences.Therefore the credibility of the Pizza Hut campaign has high chances of being enhanced if it associated with TV adverts. The television advertisement for the juvenile campaign needs to be positively engaging on the steamy and psychological grounds. Our basic aim is to implement the pull strategy to create a demand for this new product category via the mass media. The target audience for the pizza hut campaign is the health witting segment, but health consciousness is reflected in varied shades for diverse individuals, and this consideration is depicted in the television advertisement.The advertisement shows an ordinary British family consisting of a mother, a father and two teenagers a son and a daughter. They are discussing what to have for dinner at the dining table. One option that is discussed is pizza, and it shows the four different spots of having pizza for dinne r. The mothers standpoint is that pizza wouldnt be suitable as it is unsound and lacks proper nutrients for the family, while the daughters lieu is that she would have motivational conflicts due to the high calorie count and the diet she as been carrying out, the son also may have a similar negative perspective due an extensive work-out schedule that he has been keeping to and doesnt want to ruin and that father may be worried about blood haul and cholesterol that are common with his age and therefore the consensus is not to order a pizza plain though everyone would enjoy the experience. A pizza base appears magically on their table and tops itself up with all the healthy ingredients like vegetables/grilled lean whit meat/low fat discontinue etc, which adds to the health quotient of a pizza.The advert now describes the complete new range of healthy Pizzas from Pizza Hut. This advertisement aims to appeal to its audiences through an emotional stance. Understanding a mothers basic instinct to ensure the family keeps healthy, grounds many teenagers insecurities as well as understanding the worries about health for the bulk of the aging population. The psychological perspective of this advert would be that people are enjoying a pizza without experiencing cognitive dissonance.The advert would have a strong visual appeal to create the sense that it would be delicious and full of flavour, this would be carried out with visually appealing colours of the topping as well as the surrounding background of the advert. The guideword used for this advert is Pizzas Just Got Healthier. This is a clear, strong slogan and it also communicates the core idea of the tout ensemble advertising campaign in lucid, simple language which is easily retained by consumers. The slogan also is able to depict an image of the brand which cares about its customers health through an product innovation.The sales promotion that is structured into the campaign will be shown at the end of the advert with a change in the tonal quality of the speaker, this is aimed at getting the audience to pay attention at the moment when the majority of the information is relayed. Refer to Appendix A for story board. The last but not the least the advert would be following the Association Guideline within C4S Golden Guidelines the television advertisement will be aired throughout a entertainment/comedy section, throughout the time period of 6pm to 8 pm.This time period would be a high reach period as it after school and work when more members of the family are at home. It would be most viable to relate the advert to the shared stain and common targeting aspect of the Association Guidelines. Internet Advertising The internet is described by many as a one of the most important inventions of the century. It has been a part of a major revolution in technological development worldwide. With the advent of web based advertising in 1994, it has become an extremely satisfied method for man y brands to reach to the greater masses at a relatively lower exist in comparison to traditional media.The current generation is highly dependent on the internet, and therefore advertising online in the form of banner ads, button ads, pop ups are the smart and viable options for many reputed brands. monkey around (1994) estimates that web based marketing results in ten times the units sold at one ten percent of the advertising budget, and thats one of the most important reasons to opt for an online advert. An added bonus also is that consumers have the option of reflexion the advert as many times as they wish and so are able to win all the information that the advert provides.The new Pizza Hut campaign focuses mainly on bragging(a) healthier alternatives when visiting Pizza Hut, mainly in the forms Healthy Pizzas. This should be highlighted clearly to the audience as this should create an interest that may cause possible customers to acquire more information about the campaig n. another(prenominal) rationale for using web based advertising is the higher chance of an instantaneous purchase, as foresightful as there is a option of purchasing the product or service. This impulse purchase effect will occur especially with food producers such as Pizza Hut, as it satisfies a physiological need in Maslows hierarchy of needs.To hopefully ensure a purchase it would be advisable for Pizza Hut to have an option of Order Now and a link to the website. Public Relations Harris (1998) indicates the train of marketing PR is to gain awareness, stimulate sales, facilitate intercourse, and build relationships between consumers and companies and brands. This opportunity is an interesting first moment for Pizza Hut and onside advertising may enable the campaign to reach more of the target audience.Pizza Hut can use its public relations agency to promote its products, services as well as its corporate identity. This is especially useful as the campaign is aiming for an image change, public relations will help communicate this change to many different groups of stakeholders. Corporate public relations is responsible for establishing understanding and trust with individuals who have a potential or actual interest in the organisation, (Kitchen, 1997). According to Gruning (1992), corporate PR is the management of communication between an organisation and its publics. These may include health organisations, local anaesthetic businesses, local education authorities and potential customers along with many more groups. Pizza Hut can use and associate the high credibility attached to this form of communication. (Fill et al, 2005) to create credibility and maintain the credibility of the brand. In order for Pizza Hut to be effective when carrying out its public relations, it will introduce newsletters inform the previously mentioned groups of what they are trying to do in its new health campaign.Pizza Hut could also evaluate the effectiveness of its pu blic relations by offering readers the chance to comment on the company and any articles through the feedback form at the back of the newsletter. Pizza Hut has decided to put together an article with a major newspaper publisher about obesity levels and the new Pizza Hut healthy campaign. Public relations are often important at more of a corporate level and without this option Pizza Hut would struggle to be seen as a major food outlet. This can be seen as a form of publicity.Pizza Hut should also conduct a certain number of public relations to its internal stakeholders such as staff and external stakeholders. Internally the employee magazine should be used and these cues should develop images and perceptions (Fill, 2005) in the mind of the stakeholders, internally as well as externally. Therefore the capability for public relations to reach a medium size audience and also portray a credible image indicates that Pizza Hut should be using PR as one of its communication tools.It must not be ignored however that public relations is more effective when integrated with other communication tools. By combining such tools as advertising with public relations it is possible to gain full national coverage something that would not necessarily be possible with other communication tools. Sales Promotions The institute of sales promotion (2004) defines sales promotion as a planned and implement activity that both enhances product or service appeal and changes customer behaviour positively in return for an additional benefit for purchase or participation. Yeshin, 2006) According to Yeshin (2006) sales promotion can region on three levels by communicating, catching the customers attention at the point of purchase(Yeshin, 2006) as well as providing extra information that may influence the purchase decision. Sales promotions can also provide an inducement by offering some form of direct inducement, either immediate or delayed, which changed the perceptual base of the purchas ing decision. (Yeshin, 2006) Sales promotions can also advance the purchasing decision and invite the consumer to engage in an immediate transaction. (Yeshin, 2006) Therefore there is a strong rationale for using sales promotions in the new Pizza Hut campaign. The ability to create a product trial and sampling is necessary aspect for the success of the campaign. Once attracting customers to try the new healthier pizza range, this hopefully will encourage buy up purchases and create a loyalty to the brand. through and through this loyalty there will hopefully be an cast up in frequency of purchase as well as different usage. The sales promotions that Pizza Hut are planning on integrating into the campaign are such as a grouping with Innocent Smoothies. Innocent Smoothies is a good association with this campaign as it is a well cognise smoothie brand which is related heavily with being healthy and prides itself on only using one hundred% natural, healthy renewable ingredients. (Innocent Drinks, 2009) have also already had success with the health conscious target audience already and so will create added value in the mind of this audience. The promotion that Pizza Hut is running is a Meal Deal in which a choice of healthy pizzas accompanied with either an guileless smoothie or a side salad. This Meal Deal will be set at ? . 99. Through these promotions there will hopefully be an increase in market share due to brand switching. A pull strategy will occur in which consumer decides to choose Pizza Hut over competing brands. Unlike some other tools of marketing communication, which work over a longer term, sales promotion produces rapid results and return on investment is often substantial. However it will be used along side with other marketing communication tools for this campaign so as to bring about an integrated marketing communication approach. SUPPLIERS / VENDOR