Immigration law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Immigration law - Essay ExampleIn emirs case, an understanding must prevail between him considered as a party and the United farming that is also considered as a different party. In order to coin a rational judgment, in all in all the germane(predicate) go forth of the law have to be obeyed and it is through a critical understanding that an impressive decision can be reached. Here, an effectual decision is the decision reached that fulfils all the expects of the law and manifests concern to the complaisance of human rights. The United Kingdom has to ascertain that the asylum seeker actually fears the persecution3. Under ordinary situations, individuals in fear of persecution must have to originate from a particular social group that is likely to be persecuted. In cases of countries such as Afghanistan, the sources of persecution might incorporate race, religion, political affiliation or nationality. Hence, the united ground have to ascertain the probability of the asylum s eekers origin and the probability of originating from the above stipulated groups and the threatening reasons being influential to the actions considered adverse to their lives4. Ameer fears for his life and that of his family and that is perceived as the primary cause of his flow to the United Kingdom. Nonetheless, his case is quite complicated afterwards since he develops a kidney condition that is of a voltage harm equally. Therefore, it is imperative to understand that besides him faced by external or the national problems, he is faced by personal and health problems. However, the law provides for both conditions and it is upon the law enforcement teams to follow the law provisions to their maximum to achieve a credible solution to the situation5. Concerning the human rights, Ameers life has to be valuateed in his capacity as a human being that is entitled to safety and tidy welfare. The law has to regard the health condition of the asylum seeker and pursue all the activiti es within its agenda to provide its best to aid in the situation. The United Kingdom has to establish that Ameer is unwilling or incapable of subjecting himself to the protection provided by his country, Afghanistan. The United Kingdom has also to determine in case the refugee is not associated with any nationality or is not willing to go back to his country of habitat and from which the refugee originated6. Ameers situation is relevant in two provisions of vast law contexts that is, Article 3 and name 8. Article 8 demands consideration of Ameers personality and the components surrounding him. This provision regards the applicants private life, family life home as well as that of correspondence.6 Basic interpretations of article 8 provide that concerning private life, the bodily integrity has to be upheld. The applicant should be granted all the medical opportunities he deserves again the treatments should never be restricted. The applicant is entitled to personal autonomy and is l iable to make all his decisions without any external influence unless requested. The applicant has the right to hold information and can also demand information held by an institution concerning his affairs and personality. Again the aspect of home has to be accorded the due respect to mean that Ameers current dwelling has to be recognized as his home and in that location is no essence in searching for him home even if it does not exist. The article 8 is relevant in this case since Ameer has developed a fatal health condition. Therefore he has to be

Qualities Required To Achieve Life Objective Essay

Qualities Required To Achieve Life aim - Essay ExampleAs every success opens the new horizons of self-confidence, pleasures and containment, similarly the impact of failure screw cause lasting damage to self-esteem and the consequences atomic number 50 influence an entire life prison term.The same argument is alike applied for academic career too. There are numerous factors that can influence the educatees academic career. These factors can be related to students financial, social or psychological status, teachers behavior and their teaching methods, lack of commitment to study, problems with schooling environment, problems with subject content and examinations systems unsatisfactory relationship with family, future concerns related to chosen field of study or problems of time management. Although most of the students manage to cut through these barriers based on their motivation and perception of their closings but a reasonable number of students romaine handicap to tackle t heir problems and hence they fail (Aysan, 1). The following sections sidle up few of the factors that really affect the academic career.(a)Financial Problems Money is a substantial entity for living as we all need money to buy essential things required for our survival. Money also plays a lively role for academic career. In order to enter and attend a college or university a student has to pay his education stipends and if he is facing financial problems then his academic career will evidently be affected. ... manager, a counselor, a decision maker, a role model, and a surrogate parent. These qualities required practice, skills and impelling teaching methodology (Dolasir, 2).(c) Drug It is a well cognise fact that many students are also involved in drug addiction. The use of any type of drugs greatly affects man body as drugs deteriorate the very functionality of human body and hence result the lose of life objectives including the academic career.(d) companionable problems Social disproportions and unsatisfactory relationship with family or friends can also bring the students to the brinks of failure. Since academic study or research demands concentration yet social unevenness diverges the human concentration and greatly influence the human psyche.(d) Commitment to study and time management Lack of commitment to study and time mismanagement is also major contributor to student failure. Lack of commitment results the precious time lose and hence time mismanagement.Works CitedAysan, Ferda. Perceived Causes of Academic Failure among the Students at the Faculty of Education at Buca. ERIC. (1996). 18. 9 July, 2007.http//www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/selective information/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/16/74/9a.pdf Dolasir, Semiyha. Effective Teacher Behaviors that Contribute to Students Academic Success. ERIC. (2004). 9 July, 2007.http//www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/ information/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/1b/dd/1c.pdf...10 July, 2007Qu alities Required To Achieve Life ObjectiveIt is a well known fact that great objectives demand the best qualities. Achievement of an effective life objective or goal is essentially related a number of key qualities and passion

Terrorism and Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorism and pauperisation - Essay ExampleFinally, the phrase was again used in 2001 and still is being used.An operative rendering in US foreign policy under the Federal Criminal code and stated by Bush as, todays state of contend on terror is like the Cold War. It is an ideological struggle with an enemy that despises immunity and pursues totalitarian aims....I vowed then that I would use all as stiffs of our power of Shock and Awe to win the war on terror. And so I said we were going to stay on the offense two ship canal one, hunts down the enemy and brings them to justice, and takes threats seriously and two, spread freedom.The British have approximately objections to the phrase War on Terror. The conductor of Public Prosecutions and head of the Crown Prosecution Service in the UK, Ken McDonald has stated that the places where these attacks are carried reveal are not battlefields and the people who die are not victims of war. Also, the people who carry out such(prenominal )(prenominal) terrorist activities are not soldiers, they are criminals.The war on poverty was first introduced by Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the joined States. The legislation was a reaction to the high economic poverty rate. This led to the development of Office of economical Opportunity (OEO) which gartered in targeting funds towards the poor and managing the poverty level that existed in the country at that time. The judgment of war on poverty waned around the 1960s. The budget towards the impoverished people diminished and there was some de-regulation which led to this. There are umpteen view points which are very subjective to every individual. legion(predicate) leaders, economists and politicians have commented on this. To some, the war on poverty is important to be victorious in the war on terror to others finale terrorism is more important while still to some finishing poverty is more important. One very important factor to not is that to fight such wars, institu tional structures need to be created which can help fight the war, this is as important as the conflict itself. The public has failed to win the war on poverty. This can be blamed to the political system and the judiciary. In my opinion, the pep pill class of society needs to be blamed more they should lick more contributions towards the poor to help diminish the huge gap that exists between the different classes of society. The power that the government has is limited, they can not make all people rich or provide them with the money they need. They can only make a few changes in the policy to help these people get a job, get better pays or start a business. The government can not ban legitimate products and not raise engage across the nation they have other things to consider such as inflation. On the brighter side of the picture, many new policies and legislations were made which opened new doors for the lower class of society, labour laws were introduced, minimum wages were s et and there is strict control over these policies. Thus in the US much improvement has taken place and we can easily say that they have achieved some yards in this war. According to Hilary Benn (2007), by full-grown a name to the war on terror, we are not only giving all such groups an identity, a common identity but also it leads to using one uniform approach towards struggle them. All such groups need to be handled individually, with policies and strategies

Dignity in Elderly care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 20000 words

Dignity in Elderly care - bear witness ExampleThe notion of arrogance was evaluated from the elders perspective and experiences, the latter was backed up by reviews of all sure literature thus ensuring a comprehensive view. Moreover, exclusive sets of international code of standards safeguard human haughtiness within all societies. The basic notions of human self-regard were initially conceived within the Universal Declaration of gracious Rights in 1948.Furthur the promotion of dignity within healthcare conduces to a better quality of life.The notion of dignity was evaluated from the elders perspective and experiences, the latter was backed up by reviews of all current literature thus ensuring a comprehensive view. A global aging population entails specific requirements. Human rights have gained a backbreaking focus on bioethics whilst it transpires that human dignity and rights are complimentary to each some other. Various international conventions on human rights are inadeq uate in fulfilling elderly needs. Picker institute outlined dignity indicators that perfect care for elderly patients whilst giving them their basic human rights.Data collection included intervews, books, journals and websites, reflecting qualitative investigate methods. The perspectives of aging people concerning the quality of health services were investigated in the data interpretation. Within this setting, the elderly patients impropriety and dignity resulted to be moderated.Recommendations stressing provisions in the legal and health care systems target the reduction of practices that de-escalate dignity. Complimentary recommendations include holistic training and education to health care workers to avoid negative attitudes towards the elderly, support by a Commissioner of old people. Finally, more effective resource logistics are imperative to arrest limitations in the health care system. Dedicated to my Husband and Children, Jeanette, Peter and Norma Table of Contents CHA PTER 1 17 books review 17 Health Ethics 20 Human dignity in philosophy and godliness 20 Elderly Peoples Rights 26 The Power/Vulnerability Paradox (Megrets theory) 42 Indicators of dignity for the elderly 44 CHAPTER 2 53 Methodology 53 Introduction 53 Methods 58 Target population 59 Process 60 CHAPTER 3 67 Analysis and Discussion 67 CHAPTER 4 83 Conclusion 83 Appendix 1 86 Transcripts of patients interviewed 86 Appendix 2 113 Interview with Ministry of Foreign Affairs 113 Appendix 3 115 Consent Form 120 Bibliography 129 UN course on ageing, The Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging, 2002. 138 Report of the Second World gathering on Ageing, Madrid, 8-12 April 2002, United 138 Nations,New York, 2002. Retrieved from, 138 http//www.un.org/ageing/madrid_intlplanaction.html 138 I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Rev.Professor George Grima B.A.,M.A.(Louv.),S.TH.D.(Louv) For, his excellent guidance, eternal support and assistance throughout the opus of this thesis. I also wish to thank all those who do the completion of this course possible, especially my Family and Friends who have patiently supported me throughout my years of study. Introduction background signal study No one can make you feel inferior without your permission - Eleanor Roosevelt. The term dignity derived from the Latin word dignitas or dignus that means worthy, can be defined as quality of be worthy of honour or a sense of self-importance (Collins Language. com, 2011). One can view dignity as an individuals personal characteristic, recognised by self and others. From a broader perspective, dignity is an umbrella concept...which makes it at once inclusive and comprehensive, and yet raises issues of scope and precision... While creating an awareness of the gulf separating humans from all other species can sensitize us to our potential for dignity

Marketing Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Marketing Audit - Essay ExampleMcDonalds Australia is a constituent of the APMEA group. This group accounts for close to 18% of the total revenue generated by the firm and within this group China, Japan and Australia accounts for the maximum hail of revenue. According to the McDonalds Australia Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Report 2012, there were around 808 McDonalds restaurants spread any over Australia as at 31 December 2009 (McDonalds Australia, 2010). McDonalds Australia Limited operates its franchisee business in Australia and to a greater extent than 70% of its restaurants are locally owned (McDonalds Australia, 2012). The head office of McDonalds Australia is located at Thornleigh, New south Wales and its four regional offices are located at Perth, Melbourne, Adelaide and Brisbane. Marketing Audit Objectives The primary objective of the market inspect of McDonalds Australia that has been discussed in this wrap up is to step-up the sales of the company in A ustralia so as to generate increased profit for the company. The selling visit has been undertaken to identify the various avenues through which the company bum have a 7% annual growth in sales revenue generated in Australia by the end of the year 2013. Based on this primary objective other related marketing objectives of McDonalds Australia to achieve its target would be to open up new restaurants in different parts of the country, increase brand awareness amongst Australian people to help increasing the customer base of the company, promotion of its products, and creating rivalrous advantage in the fast food retail industry by strengthening its core competencies and supply to the specific needs and requirements of people based on their specific tastes and preferences. Thus the marketing audit report presented in this study would help the company to identify key performance indicators that can be stabilising in formulating the marketing strategies of the company in an effecti ve and efficient manner. Marketing Audit Scope The marketing audit of McDonalds Australia would be performed using secondary data from various authenticated sources. The marketing audit would in the first place cover five broad aspects as discussed below Situational Analysis The situational analysis of McDonalds includes its SWOT analysis. The marketing audit report would try to analyse all the strengths and opportunities of the company which could be utilised to achieve its marketing objectives. yet the identified weaknesses and threats of the company would also be helpful to suggest ways of converting them into companys strengths and opportunities. inhering audit This would include the analysis of the internal environment of the company covering some key areas alike human resources, research and development, financial budget and marketing strategies followed by the company. Environmental audit The environmental audit of McDonalds would be based on mainly the PESTEL analysis th at would help to have a ruin understanding of the Australian market

Bend It Like Beckham and 10 things I Hate about You - comparison Essay

Bend It equal Beckham and 10 things I Hate about You - comparison - Essay ExampleThat being said the typographys of the both movies are a lot more similar despite their obvious differences. Both films include theme of stereotyping and labeling, a depiction of personal values, conformity, accepting differences, domesticity vs. freedom, parents vs. children, self definition and change (Lawson, 2003). These themes are toweringlighted and portrayed through and through the central features of these films. The character of Jasminder Bhamra, the British-born daughter of orthodox Sikh parents, who is perceived by others to be very a good deal like any other Indian girl polite, family oriented and spiritual. It is presumed that she will fall into her parents plans of completing cultivate, learn to prepare a full traditional Punjabi dinner, and then marry a graceful Indian boy. However appearances can be deceptive as Jess has other plans for her life. She loves David Beckham. Her room was a cancelial(p) shrine dedicated to the Manchester United star. Her love for Beckham was not due to his good looks but she herself happened to be a footballer, and she admired his athletic skills in particular. Nobody can bend it like Beckham, she often beamed, referring to his extraordinary powerfulness to get the ball to the goal and wishing one day her fantasy of scoring for Manchester United on base him could come true. She takes every opportunity she can to play, away from her parents scrutinizing gaze who highly disapproved of her soccer playing and her flummox often described her idol as this skinhead boy. This brings us around to the fact that the only thing belongings Jess from fulfilling her ambition was her heritage (Fuchs, 2003). katerina Stratford from 10 things I scorn about you is the central character of the movie whose character is analogous with that of Jess. She also does not fall into the typical category of a high school girl. establish in the Americ an city of Seattle, in Padua High School the society which Kat Stratford is a part of is created in this high school and it mimics and exaggerates aspects of a main stream, late 20th century, American high school (Nebo literature, web). Conformity is an issue that is a lot more prevalent in 10 things I detest about you than in Bend it like Beckham. As a character Michael from 10 things I hate about you uses the terms basic beautiful people, coffee kids, white Rastas, cowboys, future MBAs, yuppie breed to class the mixed students at Padua (Nebo literature, web). Kat Stratford did not fall into any of these categories she was strong, independent, and feministic and rejects boys who did not have any relevance to her feministic style. She had a sense of style and was attractive but did not show it to the outside world simply because it did not fit in with her behavior and how she was perceived. Her dream was to get through high school and go to a university far away from her home, some thing her father disapproved of. Personal values are what both the main characters in these dickens movies have in common. Jess bound by her heritage and yet hopeful and struggling to fulfill her dream while at the same time striving to not incur her parents disapproval. Kat on the other hand dreamt at excelling at her education, standing up for what she believed in and was indifferent to high school norms. Both these women did not conform and stood out from everyone else. However

U.S. foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

U.S. contradictory policy - Essay ExampleThe United States foreign policies have always been considered arguable whether they are viewed as an American or as a foreigner. These policies have primarily been based on American and democratic interests existence pursued beyond American shores.This expansion was also meant to empower its contender with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, countries which were, at that time, considered to be more influential and more financially steadfast nations than the US.These policies were first laid out in the post World state of war II period as the country was starting to expand and flex its powers beyond its shores. The Second World War actually served as an equalizer for the US because much of Europe was in ruins as a result of years of armed combat Germany. The US was able to gain strength and power politically and economically after WWII and it was also starting to voice its opinions and positions on the different international iss ues impacting on the global community. To some extent, in the 1950s and 1960s, the US was able to gain much progress in this regard. However, its actions in Korea, Vietnam, and in the Middle East were presently viewed with much cynicism and contempt by the countries affected and by other international watchers and international groups. In short, its actions were viewed as imperialistic and enterprising. For which reason protests and expressions of contempt and dislike for American policies were enamourn in different countries around the globe. However, it was also viewed with opt by other countries for its commitment to democracy and to freedom. Nevertheless, a closer scrutiny of the US policies in apprisal to different countries and regions of the world have prompted the surfacing of issues which have impacted much on the economy and the government of these countries. In the Middle East for example, US interests in its oil products are considered a major stipulation for Ameri can presence in the region. In turn, their presence has created much conflict among the people who see the US as nothing more than an enterprising nation. They object to the presence of American troops in the region, plain sent to maintain peace and order, but to the locals, form part of Americas engine and platform for control over trade and political mandates and activities. In Asia, its presence in the region has been met with mixed reactions. many countries consider it a savior a hero who has rescued them from Japanese rule. However, in some isolated groups in these very same countries, they are also considered to be opportunists who are seeking to use their raw(a) resources for their economic ends. They are seen as a country which seeks to lessen tariff rates for their personal attain and for the detriment of these Asian economies. In effect, the US policies are not welcomed with open arms, nor are they completely shunned for tear down with these negative mutterings, the se countries still know that the US is the most powerful country in the world. With these scenarios, it is easy to see that the US foreign policies are filled with various angles for discussion which make for enriching knowledge in the battlefield of economy and politics. These policies express the dominance of America in almost all international endeavors, including such endeavors in ensuring worldwide peace and freedom for all. Even as other nations do not share in its goals, the US seems to persist in its goals through its troop presence in the Middle East and in other countries which manifest with civil and political unrest. This paper shall now seek to discuss the US foreign policies in relation to the major events in the past years including the September 11 attacks, the Gulf Wars, and its War against Terror. These are subject matters which have borne much impact to the current status of US politics. This study is being conducted in order to establish a more academic understa nding of the issues in relation to the US foreign policies. The Attacks of 9/11 Background The September 11 at

Mexico Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mexico - Case Study ExampleLarge numbers of multinational political machine manufacturers are either shifting their base from Canada to Mexico or are limiting their operations in Canada and expanding the like in Mexico (Althaus Mexico Sets Auto Production Record, Aims for More).Mexico has gained significant attention of automotive producers, as a vector sum of several factors that deliver geographical and other competitive advantages to manufacturers. These advantages include extremely low wage rate, apologize trade agreements with approximately 45 countries across the globe, well-developed transport system with year-round ice free coastal ports and high level of financial incentives from Mexican g everyplacenment. Owing to these features, orbicular automakers announced investment of $7 one thousand thousand in Mexico as opposed to $750 million in Canada. Mexicos stable and lucrative business surround has caused most automakers to adopt global schema for business expansion (Ke enan Mexico races ahead in auto persistence as Canada stalls).Contextually, it is imperative to comprehend the distinction between international and global strategies even though they are frequently used interchangeably. These differentiating factors are class of central involvement and coordination in strategic activities, degree of standardization in products and responsiveness towards local business environment and strategic integration and competitive steps. Since internationalization in Mexico is mainly about achieving competitiveness in production and operations, almost all companies adopt global strategy (Twarowska and Kakol 1005-1011).Under the purview of global strategy, most automakers ensure and exercise central control over production in Mexico and as automotive industry is about ensuring standardization in products, global strategy is most effective herein. Unlike international

The Effects of Anthropogenic sound on Marine Mammals Research Paper

The set up of Anthropogenic vowelise on Marine Mammals - Research Paper ExampleIt is reasonable to presume that figure of adaptive mechanisms has evolved in marine mammals to deal with natural hygienics however it is still uncertain to state that those mechanisms argon sufficient to compensate for the comparatively recent advent of anthropogenic ocean noise. Different approaches ar equal by cetaceans that are far better than those developed by terrestrial species at averting or managing the problems created by masking. (Wright et al, 2007) Regardless of these adaptations, they still have limits to mask with this noise.Sound waves travel further than light in ocean, unfortunately influencing large area of marine mammals. Auditory capabilities have evolved to supplement and/or replace the exercising of vision for many marine animals. The main reason behind this is that light does not travel genuinely far in water. Although the sound in the ocean environment is a feature of mari ne mammal habitat, yet marine mammals tends to choose their locations and alter their behaviour positioned on natural and anthropogenic sounds. (Hildebrand, 2005) .Depending on factors, several(prenominal) of which are species, individual, age, sex, initial exposure to noise, and behavioural state, marine mammals shows great variation in the response to noise.Sources of sound in the aquatic environment can be natural or man-make, but the natural sources are not studied in detail because they could not be controlled easily. Therefore, the focus shifts to the management of noise made by human contributions to the marine acoustic environment, in which sound plays important natural roles. Wide ranges of sound are produced by human activities. These sounds are referred to as Anthropogenic sounds. Concern is now growing towards the fascinate of noise from human activities on the marine life. Yet, there is a conflicting understanding on how these anthropogenic noises affects at the indiv idual or population level. Characteristics of underwater sound,

Community Writing Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

confederacy Writing Part 3 - Essay ExampleSecurity forces relate and interact with the alliance in one-on-one basis just like it should be the case under normal circumstances. However, through this interaction, the club is mobilized and actively involved in addressing crime concerns in the society. While this is a positive move for the full(a) society, security enforcers and the community included, complexities and problems emerge in relation to the effectiveness of this process. This paper is based on the communication channel that amid complexities and problems of community policing in fighting crime, community policing fundamentally addresses the interests of the entire society involved. In other linguistic communication arguments for community involvement in fighting crime are presented, taking into account that the process is extremely characterized by complexities and problems that are in most cases ignored.To enable the success of this process, stakeholders in community policing have to cook functional relations and interactions. One of the most fundamental points to capture is that the community contributes to the enhancement of its safety and security. The collaboration of the community with the security forces in the community makes this practice an outstanding phenomenon to employ in fighting crime. However, rising issues in this line cannot be ignored.The key aspects that have to be captured in the evaluation and analysis of this consequence are motivating factors in the involvement of the community in fighting crime, the design and structure of community policing practices, influencing variables that enhance community-police collaboration, the functionality basis of community policing in addressing crime concerns, the flow of information from one party to another, the applicable laws in the legal system, the extent of success in integrating community in fighting crime, and the complexities and problems encountered in the process. These ar e some of the many aspects that revolve around community policing

The NHS Improvement Plan 2004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The NHS Improvement Plan 2004 - Essay Exampleimaginativeness tests who do not squander an appointment within 20 weeks provide be offered the select of having their descry at another provider within a maximum of 20 weeks. This brings new challenges to the NHS, for it covers all diagnostic imaging tests apart from CT and MRI, and other clinical specialities like echocardiography, ultrasound scanning performed in urology/urodynamics and GI physiology, and vascular scanning performed in vascular technology departments. This obviously brings the independent providers into the scene. It is true that whenever choice is introduced, local run tend to improve. Firstly, the threat of competition leads local services to improve their standards. Second, choice leads to the human beings of new provision which benefits local people. This will certainly ring true for the imaging services as well. People are to have control over issues like when and where to get a screening through and thereb y ensure the quality and convenience that they want. But the local independent sector providers are much or less new to the market. As such, strong management and co-ordination of services by clinicians, radiographers and managers is imperative for ensuring the rubber of the patients. Moreover, there are various concerns well-nigh the quality of service provided by the independent sector. In June 2004, hamper Medical Ltd. won a contract to supply the NHS with 130000 MRI Scans per annum for five years. The contract was widely criticised by healthcare unions, including the Society of Radiographers (SoR) which said that the government should have consulted radiographers and those who knew the service best. Patients given MRI scans by adhesion Medical Ltd... The researcher of this essay aims to critically evaluate the statement By 2008, the Independent Sector will provide up to 15% of procedures on behalf of the NHS and indicate what effect this will have on NHS operate provided by Imaging Departments of the United Kingdom. The researcher states that NHS Improvement Plan, 2004, predicts a promising healthcare scenario with the policy makers making it clear that the independent sector will play a key role in delivering NHS care, providing upto 15 percent of procedures on behalf of NHS in order to support capacity and choice. This will certainly provide make better opportunities for patients as they will have an increased number of choices. The researcher mentiones that there are various concerns about the quality of service provided by the independent sector today. Thus, an increase in the number of choices will have major implications for imaging services as this has reduced waiting times to a great extent. It is describes that this will certainly ring true for the imaging services as well. But problems continue to surface, as the services are not integrated into NHS Departments of Radiology to an extent, which the situation demands. In conclusion, the resea rcher sums up that an ideal approach, in this case, would be enabling flexibility of staffing, and making the best use of teleradiology with images acquired being transmitted to an available radiotherapist and at the same time maintaining skills and quality assurance of machines and staff.

Why do som popl consistntly inspir othrs to follow thir ld Essay

Why do som popl consistntly inspir othrs to follow thir ld - Essay specimenFollowrs should b willing to follow you bcus of th positiv influnc tht you hv on popl s impregnable ldr. To b n ffctiv ldr, on nds to continully dvlop onslf. High qulity ldrship ntils mpowring othrs to xrcis thir hug potntil for th bnfit of th orgnistion or th tm. Followrs hv to combine you s ldr nd trust hs to b rnd from ons ctions. On cn non hop to b n xcptionl ldr unlss on is slf-disciplind. Ldrship strts with bing bl to ld yourslf bfor on cn ld othrs.John Mxwll hs bn lrning nd tching ldrship passim his ntir crr s Wslyn pstor nd sminr spkr. H livs nd brths ldrship. nd in this book h hs distilld th rt of ldrship. Wll, not so simpl, myb, but t lst undrstndbl.Mny popl ttin positions of ldrship in th orgnistions, community nd othr sphrs of lif but with no guidnc of wht good ldrship ntils. John Mxwll did good job of writing smll book pckd with usful guidnc on how to b n ffctiv ldr. H dividd th book into thr prts. Th first prt dscribs how on cn dvlop s ldr, whilst th scond prt xplins th trits of ldr nd th lst prt is on th impct tht ldr cn hv on popl.Mxwll stts tht h cn quickly tll who th rl ldr/influncr in group is, bcus whn this prson spks, vryon t th tbl listns, nods, nd bgins to xprss ssnt. Mxwll lrnd this t his first perform whr h discovrd th rl ldr ws Clud, vn though Clud wsnt vn th church modrtor. Mxwll thn lrnd to influnc Clud nd lt Clud ld th othrs. You cn s how prcticl this kind of book could b. W bumbl round for much of our livs, nd stumbl ovr ths lws, trying to lrn to b ldrs, oftn not undrstnding wht wnt wrong. With som clr dirction -- nd thts wht Mxwll provids -- youll b bl to grow mor quickly s ldr. Mxwll ddrsss wht shps prsons ttitud nd whthr or not ttitud cn b chngd. H ddrsss th common fling of filur nd shows how to ovrcom obstcls. Undrstnding succss s journy rthr thn dstintion, h xplins, is th ky to good ldrship. H concluds ttitud ci with prcticl wys rdrs cn tk thir tt itud to th nxt lvl. s Dr. Mxwll sys, succss is Knowing your purpos in lif, Growing to rch your mximum potntil, Sowing sds tht bnfit othrs. Th book combins ll of th lmnts youv probbly com to lik bout his books on ldrship, tmwork, thinking nd purposful living. Sing it ll togthr in brif form mks th mssg clrr somhow. His pigrms r wondrful. Hrs nothr of my fvorits for hlping othrs form good ttituds Vlu popl. Pris fforts. Rwrd prformnc.For yrs, Mxwll hs bn clld on by mg-corportions to tch ldrship to thir xcutivs, so this nd som of his mor rcnt books r dsignd to b rd with profit by both Christin nd businss udincs. Iv rd potty in th fild of ldrship, nd in my opinion, Mxwll is tops. Hs not only humorous nd sy-to-rd, his nlysis of th ssntils of ldrship is brillint. If your church ldr, youll wnt to rd this, nd thn buy copy for your pstor t Christms. If your pstor, this is book to bsorb nd thn circult mong your ly ldrs to ris thir lvl of ldrship. This will lso b n pprcitd pass to businss xcut iv.Grt ldrs s th nd, siz th opportunity, nd srv without xpcting nything in rturn, Dr. Mxwll writs. In ssnc tht cpturs th thm of this wll-writtn work. t th hormone-replacement therapy of ldrship is th dsir to srv othr popl. Prcticl mttrs such s focusing on rsults nd living disciplind lif r includd

Financial Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Risk Management - bear witness ExampleAn analysis of the article Risk Management Lessons from the Credit Crisis can effectively assist in evaluating financial risk management particularly in light of the credit crisis. In presenting its cause, the article is shared out into a number of parts each of which has its own speciality. Section 1 looks at the various structures of the mod risk measurement systems. Of particular interest is the position- found risk measurement system that tackles the various drawbacks brought by the traditionalistic returns-based system. The traditional system is shown to be rigid in that it cannot adjust to the various new parameters that characterize a dynamic society. In essence, they prove to be largely unreliable, thereby necessitating the adoption of the position-based measures. The article highlights how the position based risk measures are more versatile and can accommodate various aspects in relation to the muscularity of the contempor ary society. Part 2 of the article focuses on the various risks that establishments are exposed to. The classification is dual-lane into broad categories of known knowns, the unknown unknowns, and even the known unknowns. All of these categories are reached at depending on the preexistent uncertainties, with the most uncertain risk being classified under the unknown unknowns. Known knowns are evenhandedly manageable, and are the most basic of uncertainties that an institution is bound to encounter. The traditional system is shown to be rigid in that it cannot adjust.

Consider the value of mobilisation theory in understanding trade union Essay

Consider the encourage of mobilisation theory in understanding throw union activism in all its forms - Essay causeThe trade unions probably had a role in advancing equivalence between gender and equality among races. They have been mobilised to combat the onslaught of the HIV-AIDS in the landing places and were important conduits to better health for employees and the proletariat. It can in like manner be argued that trade unions are among the leading organizations in the fight against HIV-AIDS and all scourge of humanity (Trade union Congress of the United Kingdom 2011). At the same time, however, trade unions are organizations that are relatively to radicalize in society. Marx, Engels, Trotsky, and separate leaders of Marxism and several generations of the Communist and Socialist International have focused on the trade unions for their revolutionary drop dead. The charisma of communist and socialist organisations has once threatened the industrial revolution in the posth umous 18th and 19th centuries. The Marxist liberations movements strengthened by the trade unions have almost wiped out capitalist economy in the face of globe. Once upon a time, the Marxist liberation movements have covered much of europium through Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and through the peoples republics of China, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. ... II. Mobilisation Theory the Kelley and the Johnson-Jarley perspectives The way out of mobilization theory is attributed to John Kelly. According to Johnson and Jarley, Kellys mobilisation theory moved industrial relations discourse away from collective bargaining and its associated institutions and towards an examination of the processes that converts individual grievances into collective action (2004, p. 543). Kellys plump had emphasized that injustice serves as the central organizing principle for mobilizing workers, and as such provides a potential justly construct for understanding industrial relations processes (Johns on and Jarley 2004, p. 543). The tone and content of the work of Johnson and Jarley (2004) supported Kellys perspective. In interpreting the trade union history of the United States, Johnson and Jarley pointed out the trade union rhetoric had centred their demands on workplace dignity and social justice. However, perhaps we should not forget that there was no other alternative then but to centre on the rhetoric because the industrial revolution was probably associated as well with growing inequality. In the United Kingdom, I believe it is well known that the industrious revolution has been associated with long working hours and enslavement of women and children in factory grounds as a few lived in luxury. Women and children have to work for long hours during the early phase of the industrial revolution as the factory owners were enriching themselves. The work of Johnson and Jarley (2004) was built on testing the argument that member participation in trade union work is a function of workplace injustice and justice perceptions. The Johnson and Jarley

You ( as a first year student nurse) are responsible for the care of Essay

You ( as a first year student nurture) are responsible for the fright of Mr Y, who is 50 years of age. He has come in for an admission. Explore the role of the professional nurse. (Adult Branch) - Essay exemplificationFlorence Nightingale founded the modern nursing and established the philosophy of nursing based on health indemnification and maintenance. Civil wars in America really boosted the growth of nursing profession while the first and back world wars made nursing profession even more notable. According to Baillie, (2008, 24)), nurse has many roles to forge in the hospital because, besides taking care of the long-suffering, he or she has to console the family members and friends. The life of the patient highly depends on the role that the nurse plays, and therefore, a nurse has to continue nursing professional ethical motive like accountability and full commitment in order to achieve the nursing goals.Mr. Y is an erstwhile(a) patient and just as any opposite patient i n an hospital, it is the responsibility of the nurse to get hold of full responsibility of his health. Non the less, while taking care of the patient (just as Mr. Y) it is important for the nurse to observe all ethical and moral values and practices in the nursing profession. Thus, the goal of any nurse is to chatter that he or she restores and maintain the health of his or her patient under all circumstances.A registered nurse is a nurse who has undergone the nursing program and has graduated from a college, or school of nursing and has successfully passed the exam of national licensing (.American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2006, 43). A registered nurse takes care of patients in hospitals and in other facilities like schools and other groups and families to regain their health and prevent other diseases. The practice scope of a registered nurse is determined and regulate by Nurse Practice Act of each state. The act outlines the legal practices of registered nurses together with the roles they essential, or must not perform. It also states the practice scope of nurse practitioners. Nursing practitioners may prescribe any

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men EssayChoice A When looking at books through the lens of Marxist Theory, it is not just art to be passively appreciated it is a product of the socioeconomic and ideological conditions of the time, even if the author did not intend for it to be. Because the writing is a watching of the reality of the time in which it was written, Marxist critics examine the literary work to see if it either a) reinforces the ideologies it embodies (i.e. capitalist economy is great), or b) invites the reader to criticize the ideologies it represents.What does Steinbeck do with his novel, Of Mice and Men? Does he reinforce the idea of capitalism, or is this a criticism of it? In what way(s) does he either reinforce or criticize this ideology?Choice B New Historical critics believe that literary texts are cultural artifacts that tidy sum tell us something most the belief systems and about the power struggles operating in the time and place in which the text was written. They can do th is because the literary texts themselves are part of history. They shape and are shaped by their historical contexts. What does Steinbecks Of Mice and Men suggest about the experience of groups of people who have been ignored, under-represented, or misrepresented by handed-down history?Choice C Broadly delimit, feminist criticism examines the ways in which literature (and former(a) cultural productions) reinforces or undermines the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women. We live in a patriarchal society. Patriarchy is defined as any culture that privileges men by promoting traditional gender roles. Looking through a Feminist Theory lens, discuss the following questions about Of Mice and MenHow are women portrayed?Does the work reinforce or resist patriarchal ideology?How does the work define masculinity and femininity? Does the work wait to accept or to reject the traditional idea of gender?

Northern Ireland Essay Example for Free

Northern Ireland showWithin the results me actually important factors exact arisen. Looking at the map produced using my national competitor and local competition I can see that the stores be nearly evenly spread crosswise Northern Ireland. This tells me that thither is a enceinte enough market for reckoner games in the Northern Ireland body politic as these stores can be sustained. On the other hand this tells me that there is already a disperse of established national competition, and the business I am opening is not entering a paste in the market. A rotund number of the stores (4) are situated in Belfast, which can be easily accessed by Lurgan through the m1.So I would pick up to treat these Belfast stores as a estimable threat, and I would need to keep the local market from buying there games there and also by enticing some of there customer to shop at our Lurgan store. This would hold still for that I would have to develop the customers something that is not offered in the Belfast stores. The local competition consists of three stores in the Craigavon area which, although not in the immediate area, still pose the most serious threat to my business. The stores are already established, and this means that there is a market, although there whitethorn not be enough room for another games store. But the expediency I have is that n whizz of these three stores are based in Lurgan town centre, so that would mean there is an untapped market that I can enter into.My covert observation of game shows me a successful business in the Belfast area. I taught me that a calculator games store is one in which a lot of people browse and not buy the first time that they are in the store. This would tell me that we would need to tempt customer into buying what they may be elicit in. This would require me to plight skilful staff who would have a keen interest in computers and would have a good scope of knowledge about the games and equipment that would be operational.I would hope to be a manager that has a lot say over each aspect of the business I would be able to keep abreast a McGregor opening Y approach. I would do this, as I would like to delegate to my workers to efficaciously use their skills to the highest level. It would also help in improving organisation and motivation, and also help in the cost that may be meet in hiring extra managers or staff. yet, as I want a lot of control over my business I may have some characteristics of a theory X manager as I would be on the floor as much as I could, and also would try and make all the main decisions to be taken in the business. compend of my questionnaire results provides me with various important numeric results. The first important result that I came across was that every one of my respondents have a computer. This was very remarkable, as my potential market would have to be persons who already owned a computer, and would be interested in my goods, and so if they did not already own a computer these goods would be useless to the consumers. Briefly this means that this question give me an estimate of how large my potential customers is. However these potential customer may not be interested in games and owning a computer may not mean that they could be persuaded to attend my store. Knowing now if the person owned a computer or not I then needed to find out what type of computer they may own.I found that the absolute majority of respondents owned a PC or a Playstation. This was significant in that the second most popular was the Playstation which is a pure gaming machine, and this would suggest that there is a large number of persons living in the Lurgan area who enjoy computer games and may be interested in my store. Knowing who owns a computer games console I was then interested in knowing how a great deal the respondents would buy computer games, to know how often customers would use my store. Over half of the respondents would buy their gam es over half-dozen months apart.This is a negative result as it tell me that there may be spells when the business may not have much custom and periods when it does, making balancing the books an up hill task. I was interested in knowing where my respondents would buy their games to know where most of my competition comes from (locally or nationally), and whether the Lurgan market would attract any of their custom. The results showed me that the majority of the respondents would not buy their games from the Lurgan area and so my national competition would pose a bigger threat than first expected. Lastly I was curious to whether the respondents would use a specialist store if it were available. The majority said that they would mean that a lot of the respondents who do not buy their games in Lurgan might if they had a better quality of service.My second questionnaire done to gain further information showed me a very significant result. Most of the first questionnaire respondents did not purchase games in the Lurgan area, and so I needed to look at where they would then purchase. I found that 3 respondents purchase games in Belfast, 1 in Lisburn and 3 in Portadown. But what was most significant is that the store in Belfast and Lisburn (part of the national market) were specialist store much(prenominal) as the one that I was planning. This could suggest that these specialist stores attract my local market away because of something that barely a specialist store offers.When looking at the property values in the Lurgan area I came across various properties, which could be potentially busy locations, where I could attract a wide and large scope of my potential customers. I needed a retail property large enough to assuage all of my products and their layout, including enough lay that would be needed to present each part in a manner that is organised and invite the customer to look at our products. I also needed a property that was not going to push up my fixed c osts so high that I could not possibly meet them, and would have problems in the long term in making a profit or be able to break-even.The first property that I had looked at was the most promise of all the properties in the Lurgan area. It was located at 35 William Street Lurgan. At 75000, this was the cheapest property that was currently available in the Lurgan area, and cost is an important factor, as I would wish to keep my possible costs to a minimum. I could attain a mortgage on the property meaning that I would not have to pay out such a large sum on start and not give way into financial difficulties from the start.Also banks are always interested in investing in franchises as they are seen as less risky than most other business start-ups. The property is also a size that is feasible enough to hold everything that I require and also leave enough floor space for me to work with. I could use the top floors for offices for myself or to rent out to other firms. However these f loors need some additional work done. The property is also located just 100-200 yards from the town centre and is bordering from a car park meaning that this is a very accessible property. I found very few properties in the Lurgan area, with Century 21 stating most retail properties are sold before a brochure can be made. The other properties that I had found in the Lurgan area where either in any case small, expensive, or located too far from the town centre.

Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 †A Book Analysis Essay Example for Free

tool Bradburys Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 A Book Analysis EssayIn his book, Fahrenheit 451, author spear Bradbury highlights the power and importance of obtaining knowledge through books but decries the impact that technical innovations, particularly the television, pose in stifling intellectual and creative development.As a science lying book that was first printed in 1953, umteen readers particularly literary critics and students correlate the book to state security review and subsequent cultural decay presaging the eras following the books publication.Indeed, it can be easily gleaned from the important characters occupation as a book-burning fireman that the book burning per se whitethorn be emblematic of a common situation that most societies have found themselves grappling with special(prenominal) stages in nations histories whereby basic inalienable rights and freedoms were suppressed. Literary censorship, in particular, has been a recurring theme in numerous g reat works of literature. In real life, censorship is something that most governments have resorted to for varied reasons other than as a means of quelling what they categorize as rebellion or insurrection, and in almost both instance, books that echo the sentiments of many great nationalists or radical-thinking individuals have borne the brunt of censorship laws.Some analysts set out that in Ray Bradburys book, Fahrenheit 451, The book burning is not a government mandated censorship Instead, it is a society-built degradation of the written word. Society has rejected the black and white sums bound in leather and sorespaper (Przybyszewski). The author himself does not dispute this observation.Whether it is art imitating reality or the other way around, Fahrenheit 451 is a successful attempt in making readers including those who got to read the book generations after its initial publication mull over on key accessible and political issues like censorship, flush if the autho r himself had clarified that his novel is in truth about how television destroys interest in reading literature (Oleck, par. 1).A lover of the written word, Ray Bradbury hails from humble beginnings in Illinois, which set the stage for his profound yet realistic insights, searing views and cunning overall set about to his subject matter.He was born on August 22, 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois studied in a Los Angeles senior high school School in 1938, and furthered his education by working nights in the library and pounding away at type generator keys and selling newspapers in Los Angeles by day (Ray Bradbury Biography). It can be noted that Fahrenheit 451, in many ways, pays homage to Bradburys Waukegan hometown. It is in this locality that he developed an enormous and relentless appetite for books and a love for libraries, something which is continually described in his book. As Bradbury himself narratesFrom the time I was 9 up through my teens I spent at least two nights a week in the town library in Waukegan, Ill. In the summer months, there was hardly a day I could not be found lurking about the stacks, smelling the books like imported spices, drunk on them even before I read them (Moran).Based on the authors personal narrative, one all the way sees how he obtained the characteristic ease in describing to readers a well-stacked library, and how he skillfully let some of his characters dribble forceful sentiments about books not just as a storehouse of knowledge and cultural inheritance of nations, but as instruments to guide man in living and making decisions about the future.Ray Bradburys Waukegan roots likewise armed him with first-hand knowledge and distinct style of writing about a specialised subject matter as firefighters. As another writer gathering from Ray Bradburys musings in writing Fahrenheit 451Bradburys wary respect for fire can be traced back to his Waukegan youth, where he would follow through the firehouse on his way to and from th e Carnegie Library and end up writing down his descriptions (Moran).Ray Bradburys remarkable style is indeed something which has not escaped discerning book readers and analysts. While a lesser writer would have to content himself with beating the reader over the head with description and exposition, Bradbury is able to mark his nightm be world real with economy and subtlety. The horror never grabs you by the throat as in a Stephen King novel instead it creeps into your soul almost unnoticed (Wright).Content-wise, what American writer Ray Bradbury sought to impress on his readers is the fact that humanity stands to be strangled by the very forces or trappings of modern living that had originally been conceived to make life better. Bradbury makes a very smashing point in singling out television as the piece of equipment that most people have been as well relying on, and it comes at a very huge price a stifled intellectual development.Indeed, of all the new modern conveniences o r gadgetry the world has ever seen, one medium of communications which remains all-powerful or influential to minds and attitudes of people of all ages is the television. It is evident that Bradbury possessed remarkable foresight in ascertaining archaean on that people be bound to be enslaved. One of many insightful reviews about Ray Bradbury and his book statesBradburys novel or novella, really is an inspired criticism of what we now call the learning society, and the yawning(a) chasm it is creating in our collective soul. In it he managed to predict with frightening accuracy such current social pathologies as the dumbing down of popular entertainment and education, our growing addiction to empty sensory stimulation, the rise of random violence among youth, the increasing anomie and alienation among everyone (Wright).Indeed, it takes a meticulous eye attuned to his surroundings for a writer to realistically depict current real-life situations as well as future scenarios. One important point that Ray Bradbury stressed in Fahrenheit 451 is that most of the time, peoples enslavement, whether by societal forces or modern technological advances, do occur from their own volition or free will. Its unexceptional people who turn away from reading and the habits of thought and reflection it encourages. When the government starts actively censoring information, most people dont even bat an eye (Bradbury 183).It is true, of course, that in the present society, there are many berths of jaded individuals especially ordinary citizens who wield little or no power to go against the powers-that-be who initially protest but end up allowing circumstances like government restraints on media/information to prevail or take place. It is, however, an inescapable fact that many freedoms, like free speech and demeanor of ideas through books, are not absolute. This is something that advocates of censorship keep harping on.Introspection will show that in many ways, people, during these increasingly complex times and informational bombardment, do succumb or let government impose controls as the latter may deem morally and socially and politically fit. In doing so, it becomes a clear case of the antagonist turning into an ally. In societies which do a good job of balancing interests and rights, this may be permissible. There are, however, exceptions to the rule.There are people may rant and do nothing, but there are some individuals who even band together to form a coalition or cause-oriented group/ connecter to bat for what they perceive as just. To their minds, the words of 18th century political theorist and philosopher Edmund Burke, of letting deplorable triumph if good men do nothing, may be ringing loud and clear.Reverting to the other main issue tackled by the book, which is the tendency of people to allow themselves to be enslaved by new technology and turn away from the many virtues of reading books, this is a universal problem pervading mo dern societies today.Ray Bradbury may have crafted decades ago a concise book about a dystopian society, but its message reverberates up to the present age, when gadget-toting new generations turn to books only when school requires them to, or when a bestselling book-turned-movie or idealist adult novels catch their fancy. In effect, the firemens task of burning books in the novel is actually a metaphor for the way a societys citizens allow themselves, or their knowledge and future, to be stunted. The firemen are rarely necessary. The public itself stopped reading of its own accord (Bradbury 87).

Traffic Movie Essay Example for Free

commerce Movie EssayI tangle that the painting, Traffic (Soderbergh, 2000), was very informative on the subject of do drugss. I was able to see three different stories concerning drugs and the drug trade, including the drug dealers, the people who abuse them and the narcotics officers who are salaried to get rid of them. Each story was able to peak my interest, and taught me just aboutthing different ab come forth the drug snap and some of the people they extirpate. I found it shocking to realize just how powerful the effects of drug dealing can be on the family of individuals who take up selling drugs, as their choice in careers. When Carlos Ayala was arrested, his pregnant wife, Helena didnt realize what was going on. I felt naughtily for her, knowing she had the bollocks up to care for and when she is threatened by Carloss associates and followed by DEA agents, it was hard to accept that she fell into the same pin down as her husband. Helenas choice in pickings ove r her husbands business enterprise didnt seem like a very good idea. I figured that she would have larn what can get to a person who deals drugs, by watching the events that occurred when Carlos was dealing drugs. I thought that Michael Douglas was holy for the role he played as the judge, who is head of the Presidents Office of National do drugs Control. It was surprising that such an important person, such as a judge, who was paid to deal with drug dealers and abusers, so often, would have a young daughter who would be victimized by drug use. It shows that drugs can destroy many different types of people. Crack cocaine is such a strong drug and it was hard to believe that Caroline, the judges daughter, would dare try such a dangerous drug. Caroline and her boyfriend, I felt were going too far when they tried to dump their friend at the hospital, after they had overdosed on drugs. It showed that their venerate of being caught for using drugs, and possibly being arrested was mo re important to them than remaining with their friend, who could possibly die from taking too many drugs. In the third story, I felt the interrogation of Eduardo Ruiz was insane. Ruiz was ready to rat out his friend to save his own skin, which shows how being involved in the drug trade can typesetters case you to turn on anyone, at anytime. Its very frightening to calculate roughly how many awful things can occur from using or dealing with illegal narcotics, but it is very educational and teaches about the hardships of drug activity from all walks of life. Drugs were responsible for changing so many lives in this movie and some of them could have been so happy, if they wouldnt have chosen the wrong path and resorted to greed and addiction. Overall, I think this movie was worth watching and I feel that everyone could learn so much about the bad effects of drugs on our society. Some of the scenes arent appropriate for smaller children, but I think its a good idea for teenagers and adults to watch this movie so they can see what can happen if you have anything to do with illegal narcotics. I felt that Traffic was a very good movie and I would recommend that parents allow their teenagers to watch this movie and learn from others mistakes. Reference summonSoderbergh, Steven. (2000).Traffic Polygram USA Video.

FDE 1000 part a Essay Example for Free

FDE 1000 quit a EssayI am currently working in a small privately run daylight babys manner on a housing e estate and be in possession of been there this instant for nearly six eld. inside my conniption I shoot two job mathematical functions both of which I am very set down as to what my roles and responsibilities are.Common gist (2010,2ek) First of which is De adjusty officer in budge which has been my role now for nearly two years and holds many responsibilities and challenges on a daily basis, my main responsibilities relate to assisting my public treasury in the day to day running of the background and working very closely with all the faculty, assisting in interviews working with current and new parents and overly working very closely with new(prenominal) termncies involved in the glasshouse including speech therapist, child physiologists, ofsted and the local authority. My otherwise job role is lead practitioner in the preschool mode looking after ch ildren aged between two years to four years old. hither my role consists of working closely with my senior nursery practitioner in designingning and observing the children in the preschool, tendinging to prepare them for their transition into primary school. CC (2010,4bs) implementing the daily routine, making sure health and re physique towards the children and rung is maintained at all times and wise maning the other staff who work in the preschool room including nursery assistants and trainees.I have many strengths within my job roles but also many weaknesses which I work every day towards improving through with(predicate) observing what others do, listening to what others say and also through teaching myself new things. Completing my readiness expects summary made me much aware of strengths and weakness I was unaware of which I had which has brought to light different things in which I motif to work on improving to help maintain my make loveledge and to help improve my practice.I have worked closely with my work-based mentor and the settings manager to put an action plan into place to improve my practice to the best it can be over the succeeding(prenominal) twelve months, this action plan is based on what bowls I have represent I need to improve on using my training needs analysis. By completing my dressing needs analysis and newly returning to workingwithin a room in my setting which has only been for two months now, I have realised according to the early years teachers standards I do not have such a secure familiarity of early childhood suppuration and I do need to work on how this leads to the children attainment successfully when they get to school Early years teachers standards(2013, S31) I am not as fully aware of all the new EYFS changes as I thought I was which if I do not change this will effect the learning and ripening of the children within my care.I have found that when I am now completing the childrens learning journals I need a lot of go from the other staff members in my room to run into sure I am observing each child correctly and that I am linking each observation to the correct area of the eyfs and not giving a false indication of where the children whitethorn be up to developmentally, before all the changes took place I was always very confident in this area.I do realise I know enough on the new eyfs to be able to plan and track the next steps of development for the children as I am aware of how to observe and detect I am very confident in this particular area, but I also know that If I took part in some more research related to the this through reading books provided by my work setting and researching the many options available to me online that I will be able to give the children a better chance of being ready and prepared for their transition to primary school.I am also willing to search for possible training opportunities on the new EYFS through the national day nurseries necktie as we have took part in training through them in the old. I have put this on my action plan to complete by February of next year as I rule there is a lot of research that can be done to help me in this area and feel that I have given myself enough time to do this research. Also through reflection I have realised I need to update my safeguarding training.In my setting we have a lead safeguarding officer who is the nursery manager, recently my manger has had some prolonged time off and because it has become my duty to step into this role as lead safeguarding officer. I am aware of safeguarding and have some knowledge in this area although through looking at my training needs analysis and stepping up into this role it has made me realise I lack assurance in this area and need support.I am able to recognise when a child is at risk but need to build a lot of confidence around acting upon this through my own judgement preferably than consistently needed advice and support EYTS (2013, S73) although I do understand when it comes to safeguarding issues advice and support from others is essential providing it is within contend and kept confidential.During my time at my setting I have dealt with some safeguarding instances as a support for my manager and parents. I am aware that my safeguarding training certificate Is now out of date and it is f great importance that I take part in a new training course to refresh my knowledge so I am able to act upon legal requirements regarding safeguarding and am more aware and confident in promoting the welfare of the children in my care EYTS (2013, S71).Also as I am now alternate officer in charge and lead practitioner within my setting I am aware that I will need to take part in a high level safeguarding course as I have only took part in level one, I am now looking into doing my safeguarding level two for room leaders and management. By taking part in this training I will be more confident in employing practices which will help to promote the childrens health and safety within my setting EYTS (2013,S72).I have put this on my action plan to complete by April of next year which I feel gives me time to honour the correct course suited to my needs and the needs of the children that I look after. When it comes to observing the children and writing the observations next steps I am quite confident in doing this where I trip to lack the confidence is using these next steps to support the supply for each individual Childs needs, I always state a next step in my observation but dont always tot up this to my planning to show progression and development in particular areas for the children EYTS (2013,S41).I am currently planning to take part in a staff-planning meeting CC(2010,1cs) this meeting will be regarding our settings planning to carry my concerns about my knowledge and confidence and confide this will help by hearing other staff members views and advise as well as any concerns that they may have.I a hop ing by doing this it will bring to light changes I need to make and by chance the whole setting need to make to be more able to plan balanced activities for the children based on the age and developmental stage and help myself be more confident in recognising other circumstances that may effect the children learning and development EYTS (2013,S42).I have added this as part of my action plan and hope to have this unblemished by December as I feel it is an important part of the day to day running of the setting to be able to have full spirit of the planning we do as if we do not understand it properly it can effect the childrens learning in the hereafter and effect their transition into primary school.My job role as deputy officer in charge comes with a lot of responsibility I have never undergone any management training and have taught myself how to be efficient as deputy manager along the way over the past twenty two months. In many situations as part of my job role I am very c onfident and do call up I am a good positive leader, I listen to and take in everything that is said to me by other staff members and am very understanding towards all situations CC(2010,1as).I have took part in interviews, meetings with other professionals and staff meetings during my time as deputy but I have not taken lead role in any of these situations and believe I lack confidence in this area EYTS (2013, S83) I am aiming to take lead in my first staff meeting and have targeted this for January of next year so that I have suitable amount of points to discuss during this meeting. I am hoping by doing this it will help to build my confidence as a deputy officer I charge in group situations where the focus is solely on myself EYTS (2013,S85).I am more confident in my job role as lead practitioner in preschool as I have more get within this area although through recent reflection I have noticed I need to be more assertive to other staff around me and to delegate more tasks to t he staff in my room to help them to develop their abilities in all areas, I need to be more aware that as lead practitioner other staff member will be looking up to me and what I do in my role as support for themselves EYTS(2013,S84) therefore if I teach my knowledge and understanding towards everything work related to the other staff members they will hopefully see me as a good role model for themselves as they work towards furthering their own careers in childcare CC(2010,4as)I will look at holding room meetings in the near future to help to build on this confidence I have in myself and my team will have in me we can use these meetings as a learning experience for all team members to work more efficiently together and help myself within my lead practitioner role. I will plan to place this alongside leading the whole settings staff meeting. I n my setting or any setting previous to this one I have not completed a personal development pro level before, I have recently started to gat her information to start creating my personal development profile since starting my course.I have set myself a target to have this completed as much as it can be up to now to help me with my development EYTS (2013,S86) By starting this file I have realised more of my strengths, weaknesses and achievements during my career so far. everywhere the next few months I am going to work with my work based mentor and nursery manager to organise my personal development profile efficiently and through the duration of this course and my future job roles and prospects I am going to work hard towards contributing to and improving my file to help benefit myself in anything I do in the future. The target I have set myself for having my file started is October as I feel it is an important part of the progress I have made so far in my career. I have realised since completing my training needs analysis that I have strengths and weakness in many areas of my job roles.I have not previously reflected up on my practices as a nursery nurse lead practitioner or deputy officer in charge and have realised how important self reflection is to help with gaining a more efficient knowledge of my own work and how I need to improve, in my main job role as deputy officer in charge not only is it important for myself to gain higher knowledge and watch up to date with changes that take place but it is also important to all other staff members as they look to me as their leader and my achievements and knowledge can have an effect on others and what they do in the future of their own careers. Self reflection has made me realise how much work I actually need to under go to make myself become the best I can possibly be for myself and for my whole team now and in the furute. EYTS (2013,S86,S87) Bibliography Childrens workforce development council (2010) common core of skills and knowledge for the childrens workforce National college for teaching and leadership (2013) teachers standards (early years)

JpMorgan Case Essay Example for Free

JpMorgan Case EssayWe trust banks to hold our cash and to tending found use get more in fit outment and a nonher(prenominal) ways. One of the close to trusted banks is J.P. Morgan traverse they are easily one of the most well-known banks that exist. J.P. Morgan Chase on May 10, 2012 disclosed that they had wooly more than $2 billion by trading financial derivatives.The administrative agencies like the Securities and Exchange committal (SEC) or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take action in order to be effective in pr even upting high-risk gambles in securities and banking, a foundation of the economy. We have to understand the elements of a valid contract, and question how consumers and banks each(prenominal) have a certificate of indebtedness of secure faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship. Having to compare and logical argument the differences between intentional and negligent civil wrong actions. Ill discuss the tort action of Int erference with contractual Relations and Participating in a Breach of Fiduciary duty and, if the bank Ive chosen were to behave as JP Morgan did, would I be able to prevail in such a tort action. Lastly lets discuss how banks have protected the software that allows for online transaction to occur done automation.7The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal agency. It holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nations stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities commercializes in the United States. The SEC is divided into four divisions The surgical incision of Corporation pay the Division of Trading and Markets the Division of Investment Management and The Division of Enforcement. All the branches within the SEC carry analogousgoals in terms of protecting individuals and ensuring financial fairness, each has their own specialty for instance, the Division of Corporate Fina nce is tasked with the assurance that all imperative disclosure of which represent a corporation are easily social by the general public. In addition, the Division of Trading and Markets checker fairness, order and efficiency in market activities. Much like the design of the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is alike inherently designed to ensure the public, its consumers, and investors are protected from coercion, manipulation, fraud, and/or any other forms of dishonest dealings between manufacturer and consumers/investors.The CFTC is consultation to be an independent federal agency established by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission fleck of 1974. Again, similar to the design of the SEC, the CFTC is comp pinchd of five different committees, each of which are responsible for a different rural area of trade and marketing for example, agriculture, global markets, energy and purlieual markets and technology all of which are equally as responsible as the next for ensuring full cooperation and adherence to laws punctuate forth by the SEC. Though banking is the most common method in which most people handle and asseverate their finances, at that place are also equally as many that take their notes to invest in stocks, bonds, and the like which do not carry a sound guarantee that they will make a profit or even keep their initial investment monies.Consequently, past dealings with investor types result in unfair and fraudulent losings and even erroneous gains such as the ones reported by JP Morgan Chase, the purpose of the SEC and CFTC alike frame abundantly clear. With the utilization of these two particular securities, investors, consumers, and even marketers are able to rest easier kno surviveg that thither are serious legal, unfair and blatantly dishonest dealings within the marketplace. In an effort to maintain honest correspondence and dealings with the capital market, both of these acquire that all earnings and losses shoul d be reported at which point, there hind end be a recognition and determination of any brainsick and deceitful dealings having taken place.The following are the essential elements of a valid contract. Offer and Acceptance. In order to create a valid contract, there mustiness be a lawful beseech by one party and lawful acceptance of the same by the other party determination to Create Legal Relationship. In case, there is no such intention on the part of parties, there is no contract. Agreements of social or domestic nature do not contemplate legal relations. square Consideration has been defined in various ways. The parties to an agreement must be competent the contract. If either of the parties does not have the capacity to contract, the contract is not valid. Free Consent means the parties must have agree upon the same thing in the same sense. In the banking context, this means among other things that a bank could roar a loan, refuse to fund, refuse to roll over a loan, set o ff accounts, and so on, no function how drastic the consequences might be to the borrower. As long as the banks accept them expressly within the given(p) rights under the controlling loan documents. That may no longer be the case.With the advent of mobile banking, discuss how banks have protected the software that allows for online transaction to occur through automation. The first area, financial method of accounting, is used primarily for ascertaining the results of any such business on a periodic basis. This should as a result serve up the company determine the future course of action, in the long term. From an economic perspective, financial accounting treats money as a factor of production. Management and cost accounting are apparatus used to help management make decisions on a day to day basis. Management and cost accounting arent useful simply for their own sake. These two functions help management conduct themselves along with other rattling factors involved in the run ning of a business.Other key factors could be supply, demand, competitors, availability of raw materials, logistics etc. The second area is cost accounting, its primary purpose is to attain the value of direct and indirect be involved in production. The value acquired, management can make an informed decision on proceeds in production performance. From an economic perspective, cost accounting is the measurement of economic performance. This information gives management a clearer indication of the performance of the product resources in the business. Costing also helps the sales manage in conniption the correct price. entirely, because costing is solely a measurement of economic performance, it cant be considered as an surgical basis for setting prices.Selling prices is more of an economic decision it would not be wrong to mention that pricing is basically determined by marketfactors. Prices are influenced mainly on demand, supply and competition, less(prenominal) on costs. High demand plus lack of competition would result in the business charging high prices for its product, well above the costs. The third area is management accounting, which is related closely to cost accounting. It has evolved from cost accounting management accounting plays a much broader role in management decisions. It measures the performance, economically, of the whole business, the economic environment that the business operates in. This area of accounting, seeks to combine both financial and cost information into a much broader function. compare and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent tort actions. Intentional torts and negligence towards both give rise to civil actions. However, there are some important differences to understand about negligence versus intentional torts. sloppiness torts do not require intent. To determine if someone should be found liable for a negligence tort, a reasonable person standard is used. If the suspects manner is found to b e less careful than behavior a reasonable person would exhibit, that defendant can be found liable for damages. Intentional torts require intent. The person who committed to tort must have intended to cause harm. The harm, however, did not need to be the specific type of harm that was caused to you. The other major difference between intentional and negligence torts, parenthesis from the standard of proof, is that in many cases, a person who is found liable for an intentional tort can be required to pay punitive damages in addition to actual damages. Discuss the tort action of Interference with Contractual Relations and Participating in a Breach of Fiduciary duty and, if the bank youve chosen were to behave as JP Morgan did, would you be able to prevail in such a tort action. The tort of interference with contractual relations and participating protects the right to enjoy the benefits of legally covering fire agreements.I have chosen a bank like JP Morgan and they did what he I wo uld not took it genuinely well. I invested money and knowing that JP losses that money I would wind up probably suing them. But providing a remedy when the defendant intentionally induces another person to breach a contract with the plaintiff. The defendant must know of the existence of the contract between the plaintiff and the other person, or there must be a sufficient fact that a reasonable person would be led to desire that suchcontract existed. Interference with the contractual relations requires an unacceptable purpose. If good grounds are set and exist for the interference then the defendant is not liable. But as for J.P. Morgan there were no good rounds so the defendant is liable. So if I were to go to court over this I would not win and neither would J.P we would just be both out of the loss money that was invested.In conclusion when you invest money in a bank Think to you self is it a good idea or is it not a good idea. We all make investments just need to make sure it in the right bank that you can trust. J.P Morgan had a down fall and loss a ton of money but in the end they had to deal with the fines and the investors. When in drought dont invest your money unless you really have to.ReferencesBagley / Savage 2013 Custom Editionhttp//money.cnn.com/2012/05/10/news/companies/jp-morgan-losses/index.htm http//www.thedailybeast.com/

Assessment Of Learning Essay Example for Free

discernment Of learn Essay opinion of eruditeness refers to strategies designed to confirm what bookmans lie with, demonstrate whether or not they meet met curriculum outcomes or the goals of their tell apart programs, or to certify progression and make decisions nearly savants future programs or placements. It is designed to countenance ca practice of achievement to pargonnts, other educators, the savants themselves, and several(prenominal)times to outside groups (e. g. , employers, other educational institutions). sound judgement of breeding is the sagacity that becomes universal and results in statements or symbols close to how well educatees are eruditeness. It oftencontributes to pivotal decisions that will affect students futures. It is important, past, that the cardinal logic and measurement of sagaciousness of culture be credible and defensible. TEACHERS ROLES IN ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Because the consequences of judgment of learning are often far-r apieceing and affect students seriously, teachers have the responsibility of declareing student learning accurately and fairly, base on evidence obtained from a variety of contexts and applications.Effective appraisal of learning requires that teachers go out a rationale for undertaking a particular estimation of learning at a particular berth in time dupe descriptions of the int kiboshed learning fulfiles that make it possible for students to demonstrate their competency and acquisition a area of alternative mechanisms for assessing the said(prenominal) outcomes public and defensible reference points for make judgements Rethinking Classroom opinion with Purpose in Mind.55 The purpose of estimate that typic entirelyy comes at the end of a contrast or unit of instruction is to determine the extent to which the instructional goals have been achieved and for grading or franchise of student achievement. (Linn and Gronlund, Measurement and judgement in Teaching ) ReflectionThink well-nigh an example of judicial decision of learning in your own pedagogy and try to develop it further as you read this chapter. 56 Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind Chapter 5 transparent approaches to interpretation descriptions of the sagacity process strategies for recourse in the event of disagreement about the decisions With the help of their teachers, students pile look forward to assessment of learning tasks as occasions to show their competence, as well as the depth and breadth of their learning. prep ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING.The purpose of assessment of learning is to measure, certify, and report the aimof students learning, so that reasonable decisions can be made about students. There are many voltage users of the reading teachers (who can use the education to communicate with parents about their childrens proficiency and progress) parents and students (who can use the results for making educational and vocational decisi ons) potential employers and post-secondary institutions (who can use the culture to make decisions about hiring or acceptance) principals, district or divisional administrators, and teachers (who can use the education to review and revise programming).Assessment of learning requires the collection and interpretation of information about students accomplishments in important curricular areas, in ways that represent the nature and complexity of the intended learning. Because trustworthy learning for judgement is much more than just recognition or recall of facts or algorithms, assessment of learning tasks need to enable students to show the complexity of their pinch. Students need to be able to apply find out concepts, cognition, skills, and positions in ways that are authentic and pursuant(predicate) with current thinking in the knowledge domain.What am Iassessing? Why am I assessing? Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind 57 Assessment of study In assessme nt of learning, the methods chosen need to address the intended curriculum outcomes and the continuum of learning that is compulsory to reach the outcomes. The methods must allow all students to show their understanding and produce sufficient information to support credible and defensible statements about the nature and quality of their learning, so that others can use the results in appropriate ways.Assessment of learning methods implicate not yet tests and examinations, but similarly a abounding variety of products and demonstrations of learningportfolios, exhibitions, writ of executions, presentations, simulations, multimedia projects, and a variety of other written, oral, and visual methods (see Fig. 2. 2, Assessment Tool Kit, varlet 17).What assessment method should I use? Graduation Portfolios Graduation portfolios are a requirement for out decide from British Columbia and Yukon Senior Years schools. These portfolios comprise collections (electronic or printed) of eviden ce of students accomplishments at school, home, and in the community, including demonstrations oftheir competence in skills that are not metrical in examinations. Worth four credits toward get-go, the portfolios begin in Grade 10 and are completed by the end of Grade 12.The following are some(prenominal) goals of graduation portfolios Students will adopt an active and hypothecateive role in planning, managing, and assessing their learning. Students will demonstrate learning that complements intellectual development and course-based learning. Students will plan for successful transitions beyond Grade 12. Graduation portfolios are lively at the school level and are based on specific Ministry criteria and standards.Students use the criteria and standards as guides for planning, collecting, and presenting their evidence, and for self-assessing. Teachers use the criteria and standards to assess student evidence and assign marks. There are three major components of a graduation po rtfolio 1. Portfolio Core (30 portion of the mark). Students must complete requirements in the following six portfolio organizers arts and design (respond to an art, performance, or design work) community involvement and responsibility (participate co-operatively and respectfully in aservice activity) education and line of achievement planning (complete a graduation transition plan) employability skills (complete 30 hours of work or volunteer experience) information engineering (use information technology skills) personal health (complete 80 hours of moderate to intense physical activity).2. Portfolio Choice (50 percent of the mark). Students expand on the above areas, choosing additional evidence of their achievements. 3. Portfolio Presentation (20 percent of the mark). Students celebrate their learning and reflect at the end of the portfolio process. ( Portfolio Assessment and Focus Areas A Program Guide) 58 Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind Chapter 5 Assess ment of learning of necessity to be very cautiously constructed so that the information upon which decisions are made is of the highest quality.Assessment of learning is designed to be summative, and to produce defensible and accurate descriptions of student competence in relation to defined outcomes and, occasionally, in relation to other students assessment results. Certification of students proficiency should be based on a rigorous, reliable, valid, and equitable process of assessment and evaluation. reliablenessReliability in assessment of learning depends on how accurate, consistent, fair, and free from bias and distortion the assessment is.Teachers talent ask themselves Do I have enough information about the learning of this particular student to make a definitive statement? Was the information collected in a way that gives all students an equal chance to show their learning? Would another teacher arrive at the same induction? Would I make the same decision if I consider ed this information at another time or in another way?Reference Points Typically, the reference points for assessment of learning are the learningoutcomes as identified in the curriculum that make up the course of study. Assessment tasks include measures of these learning outcomes, and a students performance is interpreted and reported in relation to these learning outcomes. In some situations where selection decisions need to be made for limited positions (e. g. , university entrance, scholarships, employment opportunities), assessment of learning results are utilise to rank students.In such norm-referenced situations, what is being measured needs to be clear, and the way it is being measured needs to be transparent to anyone who might use the assessmentresults. Validity Because assessment of learning results in statements about students proficiency in wide areas of study, assessment of learning tasks must reflect the key knowledge, concepts, skills, and dispositions set out in th e curriculum, and the statements and inferences that emerge must be upheld by the evidence collected. How can I picture quality in this assessment process?Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind 59 Assessment of Learning Record-Keeping Whichever approaches teachers choose for assessment of learning, it is their records that provide details about the quality of the measurement.Detailed records of the different components of the assessment of learning are essential, with a description of what each component measures, with what accuracy and against what criteria and reference points, and should include supporting evidence related to the outcomes as justification. When teachers keep records that are minute and descriptive, they are in an slender position to provide meaningful reports to parents and others. Merely a symbolic representation of a students accomplishments (e. g. , a letter grade or percentage) is inadequate.Reports to parents and others should identify the intended learning that the report covers, the assessment methods utilize to gather the supporting information, and the criteria used to make the judgement. Feedback to Students Because assessment of learning comes most often at the end of a unit or learning cycle, feedback to students has a less obvious effect on student learning than assessment for learning and assessment as learning. Nevertheless, students do Ho w can I use the information from this assessment? Guidelines for Grading.1. Use curriculum learning outcomes or some clustering of these (e. g. , strands) as the basis for grading. 2.Make sure that the meaning of grades comes from clear descriptions of curriculum outcomes and standards. If students achieve the outcome, they get the grade. (NO bell curves ) 3. Base grades only on individual achievement of the targeted learning outcomes. Report effort, participation, and attitude, for example, separately, unless they are a stated curriculum outcome. either penalties (e. g. , for late work, absences), if used, should not distort achievement or motivation.4. Sample student performance using a variety of methods. Do not include all assessments in grades. Provide ongoing feedback on shapingperformance using words, rubrics, or checklists, not grades. 5. Keep records in pencil so they can be updated easily to take into consideration more recent achievement. Provide second-chance assessment opportunities (or more). Students should receive the highest, most consistent mark, not an average mark for multiple opportunities. 6. Crunch numbers carefully, if at all. Consider using the median, mode, or statistical measures other than the mean. Weight components within the final grade to ensure that the intended importance is devoted to each learning outcome.7. Make sure that each assessment meets quality standards (e.g. , there should be clear targets, clear purpose, appropriate target-method match, appropriate sampling, and absence of bias and distortion) and is properly recorded and maintained (e. g. , in portfolios, at conferences, on tracking sheets). 8. Discuss and involve students in grading at the beginning and throughout the teaching and learning process. (Adapted from OConnor, How to Grade for Learning ) ResourceMarzano, Transforming Classroom Grading 60 Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind Chapter 5 rely on their marks and on teachers comments as indicators of their level ofsuccess, and to make decisions about their future learning endeavours. Differentiating Learning In assessment of learning, differentiation occurs in the assessment itself. It would make little sense to ask a near-sighted person to demonstrate driving proficiency without glasses. When the driver uses glasses, it is possible for the examiner to get an accurate picture of the drivers ability, and to certify him or her as proficient.In much the same way, differentiation in assessment of learning requires that the obligatory accommodations be in pl ace that allow students to make the particular learning visible.Multiple forms of assessment offer multiple highroadways for making student learning transparent to the teacher. A particular curriculum outcome requirement, such as an understanding of the social studies notion of conflict, for example, might be demonstrated through visual, oral, dramatic, or written representations.As large as writing were not an explicit component of the outcome, students who have difficulties with written language, for example, would then have the same opportunity to demonstrate their learning as other students. Although assessment of learning does not always forego teachers to differentiateinstruction or resources, it has a profound effect on the placement and progress of students and, consequently, on the nature and differentiation of the future instruction and programming that students receive. Therefore, assessment results need to be accurate and detailed enough to allow for wise recommendat ions.Reporting There are many possible approaches to reporting student proficiency. Reporting assessment of learning needs to be appropriate for the audiences for whom it is intended, and should provide all of the information necessary for them to make reasoned decisions. Regardless of the form of the reporting,however, it should be honest, fair, and provide sufficient detail and contextual information so that it can be clearly understood. Traditional reporting, which relies only on a students average score, provides little information about that students skill development or knowledge. angiotensin converting enzyme alternate mechanism, which recognizes many forms of success and provides a profile of a students level of performance on an emergent-proficient continuum, is the parent- student-teacher conference. This forum provides parents with a great deal of information, and reinforces students responsibility for their learning.The Communication System Continuum From Symbols to Con versations (OConnor, How to Grade for Learning ) Grades Report cards (grades and brief comments) Infrequent informal communications Parent-teacher interviews Report cards with expanded comments habitual informal communication Student-involved conferencing Student-led conferencing Reflection What forms do your reports of student proficiency take? How do these differ correspond to audience? Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind 61 Assessment of Learning An cause of Assessment of LearningElijah was interested in assessing student mastery of both the modern and the traditionalisticistic skills required for survival in the Nunavut environment where he teaches.The overarching theme of survival is taught in the early grades and culminates at the older level in a course delivered in Inuktitut. Students learn how to take care of themselves and others, and how to adapt what they know to the situation at hand. survival of the fittest requires not only skills and knowledg e, but also a concept the Inuit tribe call qumiutit, or the ability in an emergency situation to pull out of stored memory information that will enable a person to cope, not panic.Traditionally, this was learned in a holistic manner, grounded in Inuit traditional guiding principles that were nurtured and developed from birth, and taught and reinforced in daily living. Throughout the term, Elijah took his students to an outdoor area to manage on-the- take survival activities, using both traditional and modern methods. He always took with him a knowledgeable sr. who could give the students the information they needed to store away in case of emergency. The students watched demonstrations of a skill a number of times. Each student then practised on his or her own, as Elijah and the Elder observed and assisted.Elijah knew that students need to have a high level of expertise in the survival skills appropriate for the northern natural environment. Elijah assessed each student on each survival skill (e. g. , making fire the traditional way, fasten the knots required for the qamutik cross-pieces on a sled). What am I assessing? I am assessing each students performance of traditional and modern survival skills. Why am I assessing? I desire to know which survival skills each s tudent has mastered and their readiness to s urvive in the natural environment.62 Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in MindChapter 5 Elijah knew that the best way to determine if students have mastered the skills is to have them perform them. When students believed they were ready, Elijah created an opportunity for them to demonstrate the mastered skill to a group of Elders, who then (individually, then in consensus) determined if the performance was satisfactory. A students competence in a survival skill is often demonstrated by an end product. For example, competence in knot tying is demonstrated by a knot that serves its purpose, and competence in fire building is demonstrate d by a fire that is robust.As the Elders judged each students performance of the skills, Elijah recorded the results. He share the information with each student and his or her parents in a final report, as shown here. Ho w can I use the informatio n from this assessment? Now that I know which skills each of the students has mastered, I can report this information to the s tudents and their parents. I can use this information to identify a learning path for each s tudent. How can I ensure quality in this assessment process? Ensuring quality with this approach involves clear criteria either the student performs the skill s uccessfully or does not.I need to provide adequate opportunities for the s tudent to demonstrate the skills under various conditions and at various times. What assessment method should I use? I need an approach in which students can demonstrate the traditional survival skills that they learned. The method I choose should also allow me to identify which skills they did not master. Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind 63 Assessment of Learning Shelters emergency shelters igloo building4 qamaq5 tents Transportation needs making the knots required for the qamutik cross pieces on a sled building a kayak/umiak. muddle a snowmobile (spark plugs, repairing track, drive belt) keeping a boat seaworthy Navigational issues reading the vote out reading the sky understanding seasonal variations reading inuksuit using GPS map reading Preparation for body politic travel packing a qamutiq (sled) load, balance necessities snow knife, rope, food, water, heat source letting others know where you are going necessary tools, supplies, snowmobile parts, fuel using communication devices Food sources plants and their nutritional properties hunting, skinning, and cutting up seal, caribou, etc. kinds of food to take on the land,and their nutritional properties ____________________4. Expertise in igloo building includes understan ding of types of snow, the shape and fit of blocks, and the use of a snow- knife. 5. A qamaq is a rounded house, built of scrap wood or bones, and covered with skins, cardboard, or canvas. Report on Survival Skills Student _______________________________________________ Date _______________________ Traditional Survival Skills Modern Survival Skills Adaptability to the Seasons Attitude Success Next Steps 1) Skills Building a fire / convey of keeping warm fuel sources getting a spark propane heaters, stoves clothing.2) Relationship to the Seasons Assessing conditions / recognizing danger signs seasonal changes land changes water changes wind changes weather changes Climatic changes weather changes and how this affects the land and water knowledge of animals and their characteristics and behaviours 3) Attitudinal Influences (Having the right attitude to learn) respect for the environment (cleaning up a campsite upon leaving, dealing with the remains of an animal, not over -hunting/fishing) respect for Elders and their knowledge ability to learn from Elders 64 Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind Chapter 5.Elijahs report identified which of the students had mastered the specified skills required to survive in the Nunavut environment. It outlined other areas (such as adaptability to the seasons and attitudinal influences) about which peers, parents, and family members would need to provide input before a comprehensive assessment could be made. The assessment also identified those students not yet ready to survive in the natural environment. But the Elders did not polish off working with the students who did not reach mastery. Elders see learning as an individual path in which skills, knowledge, and attitudes are acquired along the way.If a particular skill was beyond the capability of a student, the Elders identified other areas where that person could contribute to the common good of the community, and was accepted for the gifts he or she brought to the group. In this way, the Elders helped Elijah differentiate the learning path for each of his students. SUMMARY OF PLANNING ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Assessment for Learning Assessment as Learning Assessment of Learning Why Assess? to enable teachers to determine next steps in pass on student learning to guide and provide opportunities for each student to monitor and critically reflect on his or her learning, andidentify next steps Assess What?Each students progress and learning needs in relation to the curricular outcomes each students thinking about his or her learning, what strategies he or she uses to support or challenge that learning, and the mechanisms he or she uses to adjust and advance his or her learning What Methods? a range of methods in different modes that make students skills and understanding visible a range of methods in different modes that elicit students learning and metacognitive processes Ensuring Quality accuracy and consistency of observ ations and interpretations of student learning. clear, detailed learning expectations accurate, detailed notes for descriptive feedback to each student accuracy and consistency of students self-reflection, self-monitoring, and self-adjustment engagement of the student in considering and challenging his or her thinking students record their own learning Using the Information provide each student with accurate descriptive feedback to further his or her learning differentiate instruction by continually checking where each student is in relation to the curricular outcomes provide parents or guardians with descriptive feedback about studentlearning and ideas for support. provide each student with accurate descriptive feedback that will help him or her develop independent learning habits have each student focus on the task and his or her learning (not on getting the right answer) provide each student with ideas for adjusting, rethinking, and articulating his or her learning prov ide the conditions for the teacher and student to discuss alternatives students report about their learning Rethinking Classroom Assessment with Purpose in Mind. 65 Assessment of Learning to certify or inform parents or others of students proficiency inrelation to curriculum learning outcomes the extent to which students can apply the key concepts, knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to the curricular outcomes a range of methods in different modes that assess both product and process accuracy, consistency, and fairness of judgements based on high-quality information clear, detailed learning expectations fair and accurate summative reporting indicate each students level of learning provide the foundation for discussions on placement or promotion report fair, accurate, and detailed information that can be used to decide the next steps in a students learning.